TY - JOUR
T1 - Who has a high vitamin A intake from plant foods, but a low serum retinol concentration? Data from women in Indonesia
AU - De Pee, S.
AU - Bloem, M. W.
AU - Tjiong, R.
AU - Martini, E.
AU - Satoto,
AU - Gorstein, J.
AU - Shrimpton, R.
AU - Muhilal,
N1 - Funding Information:
Objective: To examine whether the relationship between vitamin A intake, from plant and animal foods, and vitamin A status is the same throughout a population. Design: Analysis of cross-sectional data on vitamin A intake, vitamin A status, physiological condition and socio-economic status. Setting: Central Java, Indonesia. Subjects: Women with a child ≤ 24 months old (n ˆ 600). Results: Mean serum retinol concentration of women with animal vitamin A intake below or above the median (50 RE=d) was 1.28 and 1.38 µmol=L, respectively (P < 0.05). For those with intake above the median the distribution curve for serum retinol concentration was shifted towards the right, to higher concentrations. Serum retinol concentration of women with plant vitamin A intake below or above the median (279 RE=d) was 1.30 and 1.36 µmol=L, respectively (P < 0.05). Again, the distribution curve for serum retinol was shifted towards higher concentrations for women with an intake above the median, except for the subgroup of 25% with the lowest serum retinol concentration ( < 1.10 µmol=L). These women did not seem to benefit from their relatively high vegetable intake. They also had the lowest socio-economic status. Conclusions: The subgroup that was most in need of vitamin A could not obtain it from plant foods. It may well be that, because of their lower socio-economic status, their hygiene conditions were worse and therefore host-related factors that affect carotene bioavailability, such as parasitic infestation, were less favourable in this group. They depended on supplements and, if affordable, on animal foods, fruits and=or fortified products. Sponsorship: This study was carried out as part of the contract between UNICEF Indonesia and Helen Keller International Indonesia for the implementation and evaluation of the project: Social marketing of vitamin A rich foods in Central Java, which is funded by a grant of the Micronutrient Initiative Canada to UNICEF Indonesia. Descriptors: vitamin A intake; humans; carotene bioavailability; parasitic infestation; Indonesia
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - Objective: To examine whether the relationship between vitamin A intake, from plant acid animal foods, and vitamin A status is the same throughout a population. Design: Analysis of cross-sectional data on vitamin A intake, vitamin A status, physiological condition and socio-economic status. Setting: Central Java, Indonesia. Subjects: Women with a child ≤ 24 months old (n = 600). Results: Mean serum retinol concentration of women with animal vitamin A intake below or above the median (50 RE/d) was 1.28 and 1.38 μmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). For those with intake above the median the distribution curve for serum retinol concentration was shifted towards the right, to higher concentrations. Serum retinol concentration of women with plant vitamin A intake below or above the median (279 RE/d) was 1.30 and 1.36 μmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). Again, the distribution curve for serum retinol was shifted towards higher concentrations for women with an intake above the median, except for the subgroup of 25% with the lowest serum retinol concentration (< 1.10 μmol/L). These women did nor seem to benefit from their relatively high vegetable intake. They also had the lowest socio-economic status. Conclusions: The subgroup that was most in need of vitamin A could not obtain it from plant foods. It may well be that, because of their lower socio-economic status, their hygiene conditions were worse and therefore host-related factors that affect carotene bioavailability, such as parasitic infestation, were less favourable in this group. They depended on supplements and, if affordable, on animal foods, fruits and/or fortified products. Sponsorship: This study was carried out as part of the contract between UNICEF Indonesia and Helen Keller International Indonesia for the implementation and evaluation of the project: Social marketing of vitamin A rich foods in Central Java, which is funded by a grant of the Micronutrient Initiative Canada to UNICEF Indonesia.
AB - Objective: To examine whether the relationship between vitamin A intake, from plant acid animal foods, and vitamin A status is the same throughout a population. Design: Analysis of cross-sectional data on vitamin A intake, vitamin A status, physiological condition and socio-economic status. Setting: Central Java, Indonesia. Subjects: Women with a child ≤ 24 months old (n = 600). Results: Mean serum retinol concentration of women with animal vitamin A intake below or above the median (50 RE/d) was 1.28 and 1.38 μmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). For those with intake above the median the distribution curve for serum retinol concentration was shifted towards the right, to higher concentrations. Serum retinol concentration of women with plant vitamin A intake below or above the median (279 RE/d) was 1.30 and 1.36 μmol/L, respectively (P < 0.05). Again, the distribution curve for serum retinol was shifted towards higher concentrations for women with an intake above the median, except for the subgroup of 25% with the lowest serum retinol concentration (< 1.10 μmol/L). These women did nor seem to benefit from their relatively high vegetable intake. They also had the lowest socio-economic status. Conclusions: The subgroup that was most in need of vitamin A could not obtain it from plant foods. It may well be that, because of their lower socio-economic status, their hygiene conditions were worse and therefore host-related factors that affect carotene bioavailability, such as parasitic infestation, were less favourable in this group. They depended on supplements and, if affordable, on animal foods, fruits and/or fortified products. Sponsorship: This study was carried out as part of the contract between UNICEF Indonesia and Helen Keller International Indonesia for the implementation and evaluation of the project: Social marketing of vitamin A rich foods in Central Java, which is funded by a grant of the Micronutrient Initiative Canada to UNICEF Indonesia.
KW - Carotene bioavailability
KW - Humans
KW - Indonesia
KW - Parasitic infestation
KW - Vitamin A intake
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U2 - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600724
DO - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600724
M3 - Article
C2 - 10334655
AN - SCOPUS:0032940242
SN - 0954-3007
VL - 53
SP - 288
EP - 297
JO - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 4
ER -