TY - JOUR
T1 - White rice intake and incidence of type-2 diabetes
T2 - analysis of two prospective cohort studies from Iran
AU - Golozar, Asieh
AU - Khalili, Davood
AU - Etemadi, Arash
AU - Poustchi, Hossein
AU - Fazeltabar, Akbar
AU - Hosseini, Firoozeh
AU - Kamangar, Farin
AU - Khoshnia, Masoud
AU - Islami, Farhad
AU - Hadaegh, Farzad
AU - Brennan, Paul
AU - Boffetta, Paolo
AU - Abnet, Christian C.
AU - Dawsey, Sanford M.
AU - Azizi, Fereidoun
AU - Malekzadeh, Reza
AU - Danaei, Goodarz
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Author(s).
PY - 2017/1/31
Y1 - 2017/1/31
N2 - Background: Refined grains and white rice have been associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we sought to quantify the effect of white rice intake on incident T2DM in two prospective population-based cohort studies from Iran, where white rice is one of the main staple. Methods: We used follow-up data from 9,182 participants from Golestan Cohort Study (GCS, 2004-2007, conducted mainly in rural areas) and 2,173 from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS, 2004-2006) who did not have T2DM and other chronic diseases at baseline. Diet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for incident T2DM. Results: We documented 902 new cases of T2DM in GCS and 81 in TLGS. Age-standardized cumulative incidence of T2DM was 9.9% in Golestan and 8.0% in Tehran. Daily white rice intake was significantly higher among residents of Tehran compared to Golestan (median daily intake: 250 vs. 120 grams; P-value < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no significant association between daily white rice intake and incident T2DM in GCS. In TLGS, the adjusted OR (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 2.1 (1.1, 3.9) comparing participants with daily white rice intake of >250 grams/day to those with <250. Conclusions: We observed an increased lieklihood of T2DM associated with high white rice intake among residents of Tehran and no association in Golestan. Our findings, if further supported by other studies, have important public health implications especially for countries where white rice is a major staple and diabetes is increasing rapidly incidence is high. Further research is needed to investigate lack of an association between lower levels of white rice intake and T2DM.
AB - Background: Refined grains and white rice have been associated with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we sought to quantify the effect of white rice intake on incident T2DM in two prospective population-based cohort studies from Iran, where white rice is one of the main staple. Methods: We used follow-up data from 9,182 participants from Golestan Cohort Study (GCS, 2004-2007, conducted mainly in rural areas) and 2,173 from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS, 2004-2006) who did not have T2DM and other chronic diseases at baseline. Diet was assessed using validated food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for incident T2DM. Results: We documented 902 new cases of T2DM in GCS and 81 in TLGS. Age-standardized cumulative incidence of T2DM was 9.9% in Golestan and 8.0% in Tehran. Daily white rice intake was significantly higher among residents of Tehran compared to Golestan (median daily intake: 250 vs. 120 grams; P-value < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no significant association between daily white rice intake and incident T2DM in GCS. In TLGS, the adjusted OR (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 2.1 (1.1, 3.9) comparing participants with daily white rice intake of >250 grams/day to those with <250. Conclusions: We observed an increased lieklihood of T2DM associated with high white rice intake among residents of Tehran and no association in Golestan. Our findings, if further supported by other studies, have important public health implications especially for countries where white rice is a major staple and diabetes is increasing rapidly incidence is high. Further research is needed to investigate lack of an association between lower levels of white rice intake and T2DM.
KW - Diet
KW - Incident type 2 diabetes
KW - Low- and middle-income countries
KW - Refined carbohydrates
KW - White rice
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U2 - 10.1186/s12889-016-3999-4
DO - 10.1186/s12889-016-3999-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 28137245
AN - SCOPUS:85010866763
SN - 1471-2458
VL - 17
SP - 1
EP - 11
JO - BMC public health
JF - BMC public health
IS - 1
M1 - 133
ER -