TY - JOUR
T1 - What is the functional difference between sagittal with metopic and isolated sagittal craniosynotosis?
AU - Cabrejo, Raysa
AU - Lacadie, Cheryl
AU - Chuang, Carolyn
AU - Yang, Jenny
AU - Sun, Alexander
AU - Brooks, Eric
AU - Beckett, Joel
AU - Eilbott, Jeffrey
AU - Gabrick, Kyle
AU - Steinbacher, Derek
AU - Alperovich, Michael
AU - Pelphrey, Kevin
AU - Ventola, Pamela
AU - Constable, Todd
AU - Persing, John A.
N1 - Funding Information:
School;†Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine; zYale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and §George Washington University, Washington, DC. Received September 11, 2018. Accepted for publication December 1, 2018. Address correspondence and reprint requests to John A. Persing, MD, Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208041, New Haven, CT 06520-8041; E-mail: john.persing@yale.edu Presented at: Plastic Surgery Research Council; Birmingham, Alabama; 2018. Dr Persing has a grant from the Plastic Surgery Foundation, proposal and award number 513938. The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest. Copyright © 2019 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD ISSN: 1049-2275 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005288
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright # 2019 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Introduction: The purpose of this study is to understand the neurological differences between patients born with combined sagittal and metopic craniosynostosis (SMc) and isolated sagittal craniosynostosis (ISc) by studying aberrations in functional brain connectivity and white matter microstructure, before surgery, utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: The authors collected DTI and resting-state (ie, no sedation and asleep) functional connectivity MRI data in 10 infant patients preoperatively: 5 in the SMc group (4.3 1 months) and 5 in the ISc group (4.8 1.1 months). Resting state fMRI imaging and DTI data were acquired using a 3-T Siemens Trio MRI system (Erlangen, Germany) while the infant patients slept. fMRI data were corrected for movement using SPM, underwent cerebrospinal fluid and white matter signal regression and further analyzed with BioImageSuite. For the DTI data, 3 diffusion runs were averaged, processed utilizing FMRIB Software Library, and analyzed statistically using BioImageSuite. Results: Comparing the SMc versus ISc groups, SMc demonstrated that there was increased connectivity, statistically significant differences, in neural networks between children with sagittal synostosis alone versus those with sagittal with metopic synostosis, in the right BA 31 and BA 23 (corresponding to the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (P < 0.001). Analysis of the DTI revealed increased fractional anisotropy (normal maturation of white tracts) in the SMc group in the cingulum compared to the ISc group (P < 0.05). Differences in the functional networks include increased connectivity right frontoparietal network (RFPN) in ISc and increased connectivity in the primary visual network (V1) in SMc (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The SMc had increased connectivity as measured by fMR in the PCC, an area associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The DTI analysis demonstrated an increase in fractional anisotropy of the cingulum in the SMc group, a white matter tract projecting from the cingulate cortex; connections of the limbic (emotional regulation) system are instrumental. In SMc, increase of connectivity in the PCC correlates with an increase in maturation of the cingulum compared to ISc. There is increased connectivity of the RFPN network in the ISc and increased connectivity of the V1 network in the SMc patients. The SMc group has increased connectivity in the PCC, the original seed of the DMN network, and decreased connectivity to the RFPN network. The pattern of increased connectivity in the area of the DMN and decreased connectivity in the RFPN network is similar to the trend when comparing ADHD patients to normal controls. SMc has more similar functional network connectivity to ADHD as compared to ISc.
AB - Introduction: The purpose of this study is to understand the neurological differences between patients born with combined sagittal and metopic craniosynostosis (SMc) and isolated sagittal craniosynostosis (ISc) by studying aberrations in functional brain connectivity and white matter microstructure, before surgery, utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: The authors collected DTI and resting-state (ie, no sedation and asleep) functional connectivity MRI data in 10 infant patients preoperatively: 5 in the SMc group (4.3 1 months) and 5 in the ISc group (4.8 1.1 months). Resting state fMRI imaging and DTI data were acquired using a 3-T Siemens Trio MRI system (Erlangen, Germany) while the infant patients slept. fMRI data were corrected for movement using SPM, underwent cerebrospinal fluid and white matter signal regression and further analyzed with BioImageSuite. For the DTI data, 3 diffusion runs were averaged, processed utilizing FMRIB Software Library, and analyzed statistically using BioImageSuite. Results: Comparing the SMc versus ISc groups, SMc demonstrated that there was increased connectivity, statistically significant differences, in neural networks between children with sagittal synostosis alone versus those with sagittal with metopic synostosis, in the right BA 31 and BA 23 (corresponding to the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (P < 0.001). Analysis of the DTI revealed increased fractional anisotropy (normal maturation of white tracts) in the SMc group in the cingulum compared to the ISc group (P < 0.05). Differences in the functional networks include increased connectivity right frontoparietal network (RFPN) in ISc and increased connectivity in the primary visual network (V1) in SMc (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The SMc had increased connectivity as measured by fMR in the PCC, an area associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The DTI analysis demonstrated an increase in fractional anisotropy of the cingulum in the SMc group, a white matter tract projecting from the cingulate cortex; connections of the limbic (emotional regulation) system are instrumental. In SMc, increase of connectivity in the PCC correlates with an increase in maturation of the cingulum compared to ISc. There is increased connectivity of the RFPN network in the ISc and increased connectivity of the V1 network in the SMc patients. The SMc group has increased connectivity in the PCC, the original seed of the DMN network, and decreased connectivity to the RFPN network. The pattern of increased connectivity in the area of the DMN and decreased connectivity in the RFPN network is similar to the trend when comparing ADHD patients to normal controls. SMc has more similar functional network connectivity to ADHD as compared to ISc.
KW - Craniosynostosis
KW - Functional MRI
KW - Sagittal
KW - Sagittal with metopic
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U2 - 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005288
DO - 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005288
M3 - Article
C2 - 30882572
AN - SCOPUS:85067376890
SN - 1049-2275
VL - 30
SP - 968
EP - 973
JO - Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
JF - Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
IS - 4
ER -