Use of on-site detoxification services co-located with a supervised injection facility

Objectives Supervised injection facilities (SIFs) are increasingly being implemented worldwide in response to the harms associated with injection drug use. Although SIFs have been shown to promote engagement of people who use injection drugs (PWID) with external health services, little is known about the potential of co-locating on-site detoxification services with SIFs. The aim of this study was to characterize use of detoxification services co-located at Insite, North America's first SIF, among PWID in Vancouver, Canada. Methods Data were derived from two prospective cohorts of PWID in Vancouver, Canada between November 2010 and December 2012. Using multivariable generalized estimating equation logistic regression, we identified factors independently associated with reporting use of detoxification services at the SIF. Results Among 1316 PWID, 147 (11.2%) reported enrolling in detoxification services co-located with the SIF at least once during the two year study period. In multivariable analyses, after adjustment for other potential cofounders, factors independently and positively associated with use of this service included residence < 5 blocks from the SIF (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.70), enrollment in methadone maintenance therapy (AOR = 1.90), public injection (AOR = 1.53), binge injection (AOR = 1.93), recent overdose (AOR = 1.90) and frequent SIF use (AOR = 8.15) (all p < 0.05). Discussion Use of on-site detoxification services offered at the SIF was common among PWID and associated with frequent SIF use and various markers of vulnerability and drug-related risk. These findings highlight the potential role of SIFs as a point of access to detoxification services for high-risk PWID. Future studies should examine if co-location leads to higher uptake of addiction services in comparison to services that create geographic or other obstacles.