TY - JOUR
T1 - Use of liquefied petroleum gas in Puno, Peru
T2 - Fuel needs under conditions of free fuel and near-exclusive use
AU - Williams, Kendra N.
AU - Kephart, Josiah L.
AU - Fandiño-Del-Rio, Magdalena
AU - O'Brien, Carolyn J.
AU - Moulton, Lawrence H.
AU - Koehler, Kirsten
AU - Harvey, Steven A.
AU - Checkley, William
N1 - Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by the United States National Institutes of Health through the following Institutes and Centres: Fogarty International Center , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , National Cancer Institute , and Centers for Disease Control under award numbers U01TW010107 and U2RTW010114 (MPIs: Checkley, Gonzales, Naeher, Steenland). This trial was additionally supported in part by the Clean Cooking Alliance of the United Nations Foundation UNF-16-810 (PI: Checkley). Dr. Williams and Dr. Kephart were supported by United States National Institutes of Health Research Training Grant D43TW009340 (MPIs: Buekens, Checkley, Chi, Kondwani) funded by United States National Institutes of Health through the following Institutes and Centres: Fogarty International Center , National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , National Institute of Mental Health , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences . Dr. Kephart, Dr. Williams and Dr. Fandiño-Del-Rio were supported by a Global Established Multidisciplinary Sites award from the Centre for Centre for Global Health, Johns Hopkins University (PI: Checkley). Dr. Kephart was further supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award number T32ES007141 (PI: Wills-Karp). Dr. Williams was further supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number T32HL007534 (PI: Wise). Dr. Fandiño-Del-Rio was further supported by the David Leslie Swift Fund of the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University . Our Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training field centre in Puno, Peru also received generous support from Mr. and Mrs. William and Bonnie Clarke III and the COPD Discovery Award from Johns Hopkins University. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of these organizations.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Phabiola Herrera and Shakir Hossen (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA), the field workers including Leonora Condori, Elba Delmira Angles, Edison Cueva, Wilson Mendoza, Alexander Cruz Ticona, and Wilber Arocutipa (A.B. PRISMA, Puno, Peru), and the study participants in Puno, Peru. Research reported in this publication was supported by the United States National Institutes of Health through the following Institutes and Centres: Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Cancer Institute, and Centers for Disease Control under award numbers U01TW010107 and U2RTW010114 (MPIs: Checkley, Gonzales, Naeher, Steenland). This trial was additionally supported in part by the Clean Cooking Alliance of the United Nations Foundation UNF-16-810 (PI: Checkley). Dr. Williams and Dr. Kephart were supported by United States National Institutes of Health Research Training Grant D43TW009340 (MPIs: Buekens, Checkley, Chi, Kondwani) funded by United States National Institutes of Health through the following Institutes and Centres: Fogarty International Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Mental Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Dr. Kephart, Dr. Williams and Dr. Fandi?o-Del-Rio were supported by a Global Established Multidisciplinary Sites award from the Centre for Centre for Global Health, Johns Hopkins University (PI: Checkley). Dr. Kephart was further supported by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award number T32ES007141 (PI: Wills-Karp). Dr. Williams was further supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number T32HL007534 (PI: Wise). Dr. Fandi?o-Del-Rio was further supported by the David Leslie Swift Fund of the Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University. Our Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training field centre in Puno, Peru also received generous support from Mr. and Mrs. William and Bonnie Clarke III and the COPD Discovery Award from Johns Hopkins University. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of these organizations.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 International Energy Initiative
PY - 2020/10
Y1 - 2020/10
N2 - Reducing the burden of household air pollution could be achieved with exclusive adoption of cleaner fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). However, we lack understanding of how much LPG is required to support exclusive use and how household characteristics affect this quantity. This paper used data from 90 participants in the Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) trial in Puno, Peru who received free LPG deliveries for one year. Households with a mean of four members that cooked nearly exclusively (>98%) with LPG used an average of 19.1 kg (95% CI 18.5 to 19.6) of LPG per month for tasks similar to those done with the traditional biomass stove. LPG use per month was 0.5 kg higher for each additional pig or dog owned (p = 0.003), 0.7 kg higher for each additional household member (p < 0.001), 0.3 kg higher for households in the second-lowest compared to the lowest wealth quintile (p = 0.01), and 1.1 kg higher if the household had previously received subsidized LPG (p = 0.05). LPG use per month was 1.1 kg lower during the rainy season (p < 0.001) and 1.7 kg lower during the planting season (p < 0.001) compared to the cold and harvest seasons, despite the fact that LPG was not typically used for space heating. LPG use decreased by 0.05 kg per month over the course of one year after receiving the LPG stove (p = 0.02). These results suggest that achieving exclusive LPG use in Puno, Peru requires that rural residents have affordable access to an average of two 10 kg LPG tanks per month. Conducting similar investigations in other countries could help policymakers set and target LPG subsidies to ensure that households have access to enough LPG to achieve exclusive LPG use and the potential health benefits.
AB - Reducing the burden of household air pollution could be achieved with exclusive adoption of cleaner fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). However, we lack understanding of how much LPG is required to support exclusive use and how household characteristics affect this quantity. This paper used data from 90 participants in the Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution (CHAP) trial in Puno, Peru who received free LPG deliveries for one year. Households with a mean of four members that cooked nearly exclusively (>98%) with LPG used an average of 19.1 kg (95% CI 18.5 to 19.6) of LPG per month for tasks similar to those done with the traditional biomass stove. LPG use per month was 0.5 kg higher for each additional pig or dog owned (p = 0.003), 0.7 kg higher for each additional household member (p < 0.001), 0.3 kg higher for households in the second-lowest compared to the lowest wealth quintile (p = 0.01), and 1.1 kg higher if the household had previously received subsidized LPG (p = 0.05). LPG use per month was 1.1 kg lower during the rainy season (p < 0.001) and 1.7 kg lower during the planting season (p < 0.001) compared to the cold and harvest seasons, despite the fact that LPG was not typically used for space heating. LPG use decreased by 0.05 kg per month over the course of one year after receiving the LPG stove (p = 0.02). These results suggest that achieving exclusive LPG use in Puno, Peru requires that rural residents have affordable access to an average of two 10 kg LPG tanks per month. Conducting similar investigations in other countries could help policymakers set and target LPG subsidies to ensure that households have access to enough LPG to achieve exclusive LPG use and the potential health benefits.
KW - Clean energy
KW - Clean fuel
KW - Household air pollution
KW - Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
KW - Mixed methods
KW - Peru
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U2 - 10.1016/j.esd.2020.07.011
DO - 10.1016/j.esd.2020.07.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 33442225
AN - SCOPUS:85090296948
SN - 0973-0826
VL - 58
SP - 150
EP - 157
JO - Energy for Sustainable Development
JF - Energy for Sustainable Development
ER -