Urine nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in clinical practice

Purpose of review: With the advent of highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification assays, this report will demonstrate that self-collected genital specimens, such as urine or even vaginal swabs can be accurately used to diagnose sexually transmitted infections. Recent findings: Use of self collected samples can eliminate the necessity of a clinician to perform a pelvic examination for women or collect a urethral swab for men, thus extending the diagnostic capability for sexually transmitted infections to non-clinic screening venues. As many sexually transmitted infections are asymptomatic, this ability to use self-sampling greatly increases the numbers of patients that can be screened, and has the potential to augment public health programs designed to control the epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in the community. Patient collected samples are highly acceptable, highly accurate, and are becoming widely used. Self-sampling also allows clinicians to easily screen patients in the clinic, who are not presenting for pelvic or urogenital examinations, for sexually transmitted infections. Summary: Highly accurate molecular tests and easily obtained self collected urogenital samples represent the ideal combination for obtaining the public health goal of decreasing the sexually transmitted infection epidemic among sexually active persons in the United States today.