Understanding how dividing cells change shape

Cytokinesis is an essential cellular process with significant developmental and medical implications. Fundamentally mechanical, this geometrically simple cell shape change encompasses nearly all cellular processes. Particularly featured are cytoskeletal mechanics, molecular motor mechanochemistry, fluid dynamics, and cellular physiology, all of which are carried out by genetically encoded biomolecules. This chapter presents the current understanding of how these processes and features contribute to the physical aspects of cytokinesis. The chapter is rounded out with a synthesis of the processes into what is emerging as an integrated control system characterized by mechanical and biochemical feedback loops.