TY - JOUR
T1 - Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever
T2 - Systematic review to estimate global morbidity and mortality for 2010
AU - Buckle, Geoffrey C.
AU - Walker, Christa L.Fischer
AU - Black, Robert E.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: We thank Imran Khan for his assistance with the initial literature search and data abstraction. Funding: The study was supported by a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to the University of Washington for the Global Burden of Disease Project. The funder did not play any role in the design, writing or decision to publish this manuscript. Ethical approval: Not required. Authorship declaration: GCB conducted the literature search and analysis and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. CLFW and REB contributed to the analysis, interpretation, and edited the manuscript. Competing interests: All authors have completed the Unified Competing Interest form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on request from the corresponding author) and declare no competing interests.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2012 Journal of Global Health.
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Background Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain important causes of morbidity worldwide. Accurate disease burden estimates are needed to guide policy decisions and prevention and control strategies. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of the PubMed and Scopus databases using pre-defined criteria to identify population- based studies with typhoid fever incidence data published between 1980 and 2009. We also abstracted data from annual reports of notifiable diseases in countries with advanced surveillance systems. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever input data were grouped into regions and regional incidence and mortality rates were estimated. Incidence data were extrapolated across regions for those lacking data. Age-specific incidence rates were derived for regions where age-specific data were available. Crude and adjusted estimates of the global typhoid fever burden were calculated. Results Twenty-five studies were identified, all of which contained incidence data on typhoid fever and 12 on paratyphoid fever. Five advanced surveillance systems contributed data on typhoid fever; 2 on paratyphoid fever. Regional typhoid fever incidence rates ranged from < 0.1/100 000 in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia to 724.6/100 000 in Sub-Saharan Africa. Regional paratyphoid incidence rates ranged from 0.8/100 000 in North Africa/Middle East to 77.4/100 000 in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The estimated total number of typhoid fever episodes in 2010 was 13.5 million (interquartile range 9.1-17.8 million). The adjusted estimate accounting for the low sensitivity of blood cultures for isolation of the bacteria was 26.9 million (interquartile range 18.3-35.7 million) episodes. These findings are comparable to the most recent analysis of global typhoid fever morbidity, which reported crude and adjusted estimates of 10.8 million and 21.7 million typhoid fever episodes globally in 2000. Conclusion Typhoid fever remains a significant health burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of more recent data on both enteric fevers, additional research is needed in many regions, particularly Africa, Latin America and other developing countries.
AB - Background Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain important causes of morbidity worldwide. Accurate disease burden estimates are needed to guide policy decisions and prevention and control strategies. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of the PubMed and Scopus databases using pre-defined criteria to identify population- based studies with typhoid fever incidence data published between 1980 and 2009. We also abstracted data from annual reports of notifiable diseases in countries with advanced surveillance systems. Typhoid and paratyphoid fever input data were grouped into regions and regional incidence and mortality rates were estimated. Incidence data were extrapolated across regions for those lacking data. Age-specific incidence rates were derived for regions where age-specific data were available. Crude and adjusted estimates of the global typhoid fever burden were calculated. Results Twenty-five studies were identified, all of which contained incidence data on typhoid fever and 12 on paratyphoid fever. Five advanced surveillance systems contributed data on typhoid fever; 2 on paratyphoid fever. Regional typhoid fever incidence rates ranged from < 0.1/100 000 in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia to 724.6/100 000 in Sub-Saharan Africa. Regional paratyphoid incidence rates ranged from 0.8/100 000 in North Africa/Middle East to 77.4/100 000 in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The estimated total number of typhoid fever episodes in 2010 was 13.5 million (interquartile range 9.1-17.8 million). The adjusted estimate accounting for the low sensitivity of blood cultures for isolation of the bacteria was 26.9 million (interquartile range 18.3-35.7 million) episodes. These findings are comparable to the most recent analysis of global typhoid fever morbidity, which reported crude and adjusted estimates of 10.8 million and 21.7 million typhoid fever episodes globally in 2000. Conclusion Typhoid fever remains a significant health burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of more recent data on both enteric fevers, additional research is needed in many regions, particularly Africa, Latin America and other developing countries.
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U2 - 10.7189/jogh.02.010401
DO - 10.7189/jogh.02.010401
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85043645316
SN - 2047-2978
VL - 2
JO - Journal of global health
JF - Journal of global health
IS - 1
M1 - 010401
ER -