Transition-age youth with autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong, heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorder causing functional impairment in a number of areas. The prevalence of ASD has soared in recent decades, with a resulting surge in the number of adolescents transitioning into adulthood. Youth with ASD and their families face numerous challenges and require intensive planning during the transition period, but clinicians are generally undertrained in this area. This chapter reviews the biopsychosocial factors to consider during transition planning for individuals with ASD including co-occurring conditions, planning for socialization, educational and vocational options, living arrangements, decision-making options, and developmental considerations. With anticipatory planning, clinicians can ensure that individuals with ASD have optimal outcomes in adulthood. Case vignettes throughout the chapter serve as examples of common clinical presentations facing clinicians who serve transition-age youth with ASD.