Therapeutic aspects of stem cells in regenerative medicine

Regenerative medicine is the process of replacing or regenerating human cells, tissues, or organs and establishing normal function. In the last 20 years "stem cell research" has made significant advancement of their fundamental understanding of therapeutic intervention. The different kinds of organ-specific, embryonic, and induced pluripotent stem cells-based therapies offer potentially very strong and promising treatment regimens for contemporary and future medicine. Some of them are even approved and legalized for medical practice by the regulatory bodies of health research, such as US Food and Drug Administration. In the present review, we have compiled the overview of some of the stem cell-based therapies, which are widely linked to important human diseases. Our major aim is to sensitize the readers precisely about therapeutic potentials and application in precision medicine of different kinds of stem cells in disease-specific manner rather than providing the details of the fundamentals of signaling pathways and molecular biology involved in identification and propagation. We have also discussed about the clinically relevant stem cells implicated in regenerative medicine and finally cancer stem cells. The medicolegal issues are also discussed in this chapter.