The spectrum of inherited mutations causing HPRT deficiency: 75 new cases and a review of 196 previously reported cases

H. A. Jinnah, Laura De Gregorio, James C. Harris, William L. Nyhan, J. Patrick O'Neill

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

196 Scopus citations

Abstract

In humans, mutations in the gene encoding the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) are associated with a spectrum of disease that ranges from hyperuricemia alone to hyperuricemia with profound neurological and behavioral dysfunction. Previous attempts to correlate different types or locations of mutations with different elements of the disease phenotype have been limited by the relatively small numbers of available cases. The current article describes the molecular genetic basis for 75 new cases of HPRT deficiency, reviews 196 previously reported cases, and summarizes four main conclusions that may be derived from the entire database of 271 mutations. First, the mutations associated with human disease appear dispersed throughout the hprt gene, with some sites appearing to represent relative mutational hot spots. Second, genotype-phenotype correlations provide no indication that specific disease features associate with specific mutation locations. Third, cases with less severe clinical manifestations typically have mutations that are predicted to permit some degree of residual enzyme function. Fourth, the nature of the mutation provides only a rough guide for predicting phenotypic severity. Though mutation analysis does not provide precise information for predicting disease severity, it continues to provide a valuable tool for genetic counseling in terms of confirmation of diagnoses, for identifying potential carriers, and for prenatal diagnosis. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)309-326
Number of pages18
JournalMutation Research - Reviews in Mutation Research
Volume463
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 2000
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • HPRT, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
  • HRH, HPRT-related hyperuricemia
  • HRND, HPRT-related neurologic dysfunction
  • LND, Lesch-Nyhan disease
  • LNV, Lesch-Nyhan variants
  • NA, not available
  • NS, not specified

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Genetics
  • Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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