TY - JOUR
T1 - The preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment study (PATS) 6-year follow-up
AU - Riddle, Mark A.
AU - Yershova, Kseniya
AU - Lazzaretto, Deborah
AU - Paykina, Natalya
AU - Yenokyan, Gayane
AU - Greenhill, Laurence
AU - Abikoff, Howard
AU - Vitiello, Benedetto
AU - Wigal, Tim
AU - McCracken, James T.
AU - Kollins, Scott H.
AU - Murray, Desiree W.
AU - Wigal, Sharon
AU - Kastelic, Elizabeth
AU - McGough, James J.
AU - Dosreis, Susan
AU - Bauzó-Rosario, Audrey
AU - Stehli, Annamarie
AU - Posner, Kelly
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by a cooperative agreement between NIMH and the following institutions: Duke University Medical Center (U01MH60848), Johns Hopkins University (U01 MH60642), New York University Child Study Center (U01 MH60943), NYSPI/Columbia University (U01 MH60903), University of California–Irvine (U01 MH60833), and UCLA (U01 H60900).
PY - 2013/3
Y1 - 2013/3
N2 - Objective: To describe the clinical course of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity and diagnosis from ages 3 to 5 up to 9 to 12 years during a 6-year follow-up after the original Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS). Method: A total of 207 participants (75% male) from the original PATS, assessed at baseline (mean age, 4.4 years, when all met criteria for ADHD) and 3 months later (before medication treatment), were re-evaluated in three follow-up assessment visits (year 3, mean age 7.4 years; year 4, 8.3 years; and year 6, 10.4 years). Parents and teachers rated symptom severity, and clinicians established psychiatric diagnoses. Analyses examined longitudinal changes in symptom severity and ADHD diagnosis. Results: Parent- and teacher-rated symptom severity decreased from baseline to year 3 but remained relatively stable and in the moderate-to-severe clinical range through year 6. Girls showed generally steeper decreases in symptom T-scores. At year 6, 89% (160/180) of remaining participants met ADHD symptom and impairment diagnostic criteria. Comorbidity of oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder was associated with a 30% higher risk of having an ADHD diagnosis at year 6 in the multiple logistic model. Medication status during follow-up, on versus off, did not predict symptom severity change from year 3 to year 6 after adjustment for other variables. Conclusions: ADHD in preschoolers is a relatively stable diagnosis over a 6-year period. The course is generally chronic, with high symptom severity and impairment, in very young children with moderate-to-severe ADHD, despite treatment with medication. Development of more effective ADHD intervention strategies is needed for this age group.
AB - Objective: To describe the clinical course of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity and diagnosis from ages 3 to 5 up to 9 to 12 years during a 6-year follow-up after the original Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS). Method: A total of 207 participants (75% male) from the original PATS, assessed at baseline (mean age, 4.4 years, when all met criteria for ADHD) and 3 months later (before medication treatment), were re-evaluated in three follow-up assessment visits (year 3, mean age 7.4 years; year 4, 8.3 years; and year 6, 10.4 years). Parents and teachers rated symptom severity, and clinicians established psychiatric diagnoses. Analyses examined longitudinal changes in symptom severity and ADHD diagnosis. Results: Parent- and teacher-rated symptom severity decreased from baseline to year 3 but remained relatively stable and in the moderate-to-severe clinical range through year 6. Girls showed generally steeper decreases in symptom T-scores. At year 6, 89% (160/180) of remaining participants met ADHD symptom and impairment diagnostic criteria. Comorbidity of oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder was associated with a 30% higher risk of having an ADHD diagnosis at year 6 in the multiple logistic model. Medication status during follow-up, on versus off, did not predict symptom severity change from year 3 to year 6 after adjustment for other variables. Conclusions: ADHD in preschoolers is a relatively stable diagnosis over a 6-year period. The course is generally chronic, with high symptom severity and impairment, in very young children with moderate-to-severe ADHD, despite treatment with medication. Development of more effective ADHD intervention strategies is needed for this age group.
KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
KW - development
KW - follow-up
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.007
DO - 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 23452683
AN - SCOPUS:84875225136
SN - 0890-8567
VL - 52
SP - 264-278.e2
JO - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
JF - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
IS - 3
ER -