The pathology of upper-extremity arterial disease

The arteries to the upper extremities can be involved at multiple levels by a variety of diseases. Although the variety of pathology is consistent throughout the arterial system, there are distinct differences in the frequency and distribution of tissue changes seen in the vessels of the upper extremity. Because of the critical sensitivity of motor function and sensation in the arms and hands, minor degrees of ischemia can have major clinical significance. It is essential to understand the exact pathologic process and the sites of involvement to provide proper therapy.