TY - JOUR
T1 - The neural basis of memory decline in aged monkeys
AU - Walker, Lary C.
AU - Kitt, Cheryl A.
AU - Struble, Robert G.
AU - Wagster, Molly V.
AU - Price, Donald L.
AU - Cork, Linda C.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Drs. Mortimer Mishkin, Jocelyne Bachevalier, Michael D. Applegate, Peter J. Whitehouse, James K. Wamsley, Ted M. Dawson, Francis M. Filloux, Kenneth J. Kellar, Paul R. Hartig, Paul F. Worley, Jay M. Baraban and Harvey S. Singer as well as with Linda S. Landis, Mimi Brickson and Sharon K. Presty. The aged monkeys that were employed in behavioral tests were obtained from Dr. Kenneth R. Brizzee of the Delta Primate Research Center of Tulane University, Dr. Arthur J. Riopelle of Louisiana State University, and Dr. Matthew Kessler of the Carribean Primate Research Center of the University of Puerto Rico. Some of the tissue was supplied by the Regional Primate Research Center at the University of Washington, supported by a grant from the U.S. Public Health Service (NIH RR 00166). This work was supported by grants from the U.S. Public Health Service (NIH NS 07179, AG 03359, AG 20471, and AG 05146) and funds from the Claster family and The Robert L. and Clara G. Patterson Trust. An early version of this manuscript was prepared for presentation at a symposium on "'Aging in Primates" at the Eleventh Congress of the International Primatological Society, Grttingen, FRG, July 1986.
Copyright:
Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 1988
Y1 - 1988
N2 - Nonhuman primates experience changes in behavior as they progress into old age. Visual recognition, spatial learning, habit formation, and visuospatial manipulation are impaired in aged rhesus monkeys relative to young controls. We have begun to study the possible neural substrate for these changes, focusing on brain areas that are known, from lesion studies, to be essential for the successful performance of specific tasks. Aged nonhuman primates develop senile plaques, most commonly in amygdala, hippocampus, and neocortex. Our preliminary data suggest that the density of plaques may be related to poor behavioral performance in some aged monkeys. However, behavioral decline begins before the appearance of significant numbers of senile plaques, suggesting that other factors may interfere with cognition. Numerous studies of several genera have shown that receptors for neurotransmitters decline in number between the adolescent years and old age. Our autoradiographic analyses of primate temporal neocortex demonstrate loss of muscarinic, nicotinic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic receptor binding sites between the ages of 2 and 22 years. Preliminary data indicate that markers for adenyl cyclase and phosphatidyl inositol second-messenger systems also are reduced in temporal cortex. Although these declines represent a potential substrate for behavioral changes, no studies have directly related a decrease in receptor number to deficits in learning and memory in aged primates. Other changes in the aging brain include loss of neurons, reduced neurochemical markers, and decreased content of neuronal ribonucleic acid (RNA). All of these decrements may be interrelated to some extent in that decreased RNA could result in changes in neurochemical markers and receptors and, eventually, in dysfunction and death of neurons. These observations underscore the importance of establishing a time course for age-associated neural abnormalities, examining regions of brain in which changes are most likely to occur, and studying their relationship to the progression of behavioral dysfunction. Detailed anatomical analyses of the distribution of in situ uptake/receptor binding sites and messenger RNA (mRNA) in aged nonhuman primates may clarify some of the factors that most likely contribute to behavioral changes in elderly humans.
AB - Nonhuman primates experience changes in behavior as they progress into old age. Visual recognition, spatial learning, habit formation, and visuospatial manipulation are impaired in aged rhesus monkeys relative to young controls. We have begun to study the possible neural substrate for these changes, focusing on brain areas that are known, from lesion studies, to be essential for the successful performance of specific tasks. Aged nonhuman primates develop senile plaques, most commonly in amygdala, hippocampus, and neocortex. Our preliminary data suggest that the density of plaques may be related to poor behavioral performance in some aged monkeys. However, behavioral decline begins before the appearance of significant numbers of senile plaques, suggesting that other factors may interfere with cognition. Numerous studies of several genera have shown that receptors for neurotransmitters decline in number between the adolescent years and old age. Our autoradiographic analyses of primate temporal neocortex demonstrate loss of muscarinic, nicotinic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic receptor binding sites between the ages of 2 and 22 years. Preliminary data indicate that markers for adenyl cyclase and phosphatidyl inositol second-messenger systems also are reduced in temporal cortex. Although these declines represent a potential substrate for behavioral changes, no studies have directly related a decrease in receptor number to deficits in learning and memory in aged primates. Other changes in the aging brain include loss of neurons, reduced neurochemical markers, and decreased content of neuronal ribonucleic acid (RNA). All of these decrements may be interrelated to some extent in that decreased RNA could result in changes in neurochemical markers and receptors and, eventually, in dysfunction and death of neurons. These observations underscore the importance of establishing a time course for age-associated neural abnormalities, examining regions of brain in which changes are most likely to occur, and studying their relationship to the progression of behavioral dysfunction. Detailed anatomical analyses of the distribution of in situ uptake/receptor binding sites and messenger RNA (mRNA) in aged nonhuman primates may clarify some of the factors that most likely contribute to behavioral changes in elderly humans.
KW - Aging
KW - Concurrent object discrimination
KW - Delayed nonmatching to sample
KW - Delayed response
KW - Neurotransmitter receptors
KW - Route following
KW - Senile plaques
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0024157957&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0024157957&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0197-4580(88)80130-1
DO - 10.1016/S0197-4580(88)80130-1
M3 - Review article
C2 - 3145465
AN - SCOPUS:0024157957
SN - 0197-4580
VL - 9
SP - 657
EP - 666
JO - Neurobiology of aging
JF - Neurobiology of aging
IS - C
ER -