@article{55cb022791314b1fb3fab3d0ce0655f2,
title = "The International HIV Dementia Scale: A new rapid screening test for HIV dementia",
abstract = "Objective: HIV dementia is an important neurological complication of advanced HIV infection. The use of a cross-cultural screening test to detect HIV dementia within the international community is critical for diagnosing this condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a new screening test for HIV dementia, the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) in cohorts from the US and Uganda. Design: Two cross-sectional cohort studies designed to evaluate for the presence of HIV dementia. Methods: Sixty-six HIV-positive individuals in the US and 81 HIV-positive individuals in Uganda received the IHDS and full standardized neurological and neuropsychological assessments. The sensitivity and specificity of varying cut-off scores of the IHDS were evaluated in the two cohorts. Results: In the US cohort, the mean IHDS score for HIV-positive individuals without dementia and with dementia were 10.6 and 9.3 respectively (P < 0.001). Using the cutoff of ≤ 10, the sensitivity and specificity for HIV dementia with the IHDS were 80% and 57% respectively in the US cohort, and 80% and 55% respectively in the Uganda cohort. Conclusions: The IHDS may be a useful screening test to identify individuals at risk for HIV dementia in both the industrialized world and the developing world. Full neuropsychological testing should then be performed to confirm a diagnosis of HIV dementia.",
keywords = "Dementia, HIV, International, Scale, Screening test, Uganda",
author = "Sacktor, {Ned C.} and Matthew Wong and Noeline Nakasujja and Skolasky, {Richard L.} and Selnes, {Ola A.} and Seggane Musisi and Kevin Robertson and McArthur, {Justin C.} and Allan Ronald and Elly Katabira",
note = "Funding Information: Rebecca Schneider, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene; Houston Health Department; Houston Public Works; Pamela Brown, Yanlai Lai, Ryker Penn, Houston Health Department Bureau of Laboratory Services; Yunxi Liu, Rice University Stadler Lab and Treangen Lab; Rice University Spatial Studies Laboratory. Funding Information: All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Loren Hopkins reports an honorarium from Baylor College of Medicine for speaking at a conference. Lauren B. Stadler reports institutional support from the National Science Foundation to purchase laboratory equipment and from the Houston Health Department. Katherine Ensor reports institutional support from the Houston Health Department for analysis of samples, unpaid presidency of the American Statistical Association, and unpaid membership on the Institute of Pure and Applied Mathematics Board of Trustees. John J. Dennehy reports institutional support from the New York City Department of Environmental Protection and research reagents from Qiagen, Inc. Davida S. Smyth reports support from the City University of New York and the Department of Environmental Protection, and support from the National Science Foundation outside the current work. Monica Trujillo reports contract support from the New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Devon A. Gregory reports a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Marc C. Johnson reports a grant from NIH. Allison Wheeler reports support from the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Bradley J. White reports paid employment by Verily Life Sciences, and stock ownership in Verily Life Sciences as part of compensation. Marlene K. Wolfe reports consulting fees from Verily Life Sciences. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.",
year = "2005",
month = sep,
day = "2",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "19",
pages = "1367--1374",
journal = "AIDS",
issn = "0269-9370",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
number = "13",
}