@article{eefd8e4a6a0748eba5569976ee1f34db,
title = "The immune cell landscape in kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis",
abstract = "Lupus nephritis is a potentially fatal autoimmune disease for which the current treatment is ineffective and often toxic. To develop mechanistic hypotheses of disease, we analyzed kidney samples from patients with lupus nephritis and from healthy control subjects using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our analysis revealed 21 subsets of leukocytes active in disease, including multiple populations of myeloid cells, T cells, natural killer cells and B cells that demonstrated both pro-inflammatory responses and inflammation-resolving responses. We found evidence of local activation of B cells correlated with an age-associated B-cell signature and evidence of progressive stages of monocyte differentiation within the kidney. A clear interferon response was observed in most cells. Two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CX3CR1, were broadly expressed, implying a potentially central role in cell trafficking. Gene expression of immune cells in urine and kidney was highly correlated, which would suggest that urine might serve as a surrogate for kidney biopsies.",
author = "{the Accelerating Medicines Partnership in SLE network} and Arnon Arazi and Rao, {Deepak A.} and Berthier, {Celine C.} and Anne Davidson and Yanyan Liu and Hoover, {Paul J.} and Adam Chicoine and Eisenhaure, {Thomas M.} and Jonsson, {A. Helena} and Shuqiang Li and Lieb, {David J.} and Fan Zhang and Kamil Slowikowski and Browne, {Edward P.} and Akiko Noma and Danielle Sutherby and Scott Steelman and Smilek, {Dawn E.} and Patti Tosta and William Apruzzese and Elena Massarotti and Maria Dall{\textquoteright}Era and Meyeon Park and Kamen, {Diane L.} and Furie, {Richard A.} and Fernanda Payan-Schober and Pendergraft, {William F.} and McInnis, {Elizabeth A.} and Buyon, {Jill P.} and Petri, {Michelle A.} and Chaim Putterman and Kalunian, {Kenneth C.} and Woodle, {E. Steve} and Lederer, {James A.} and Hildeman, {David A.} and Chad Nusbaum and Soumya Raychaudhuri and Matthias Kretzler and Anolik, {Jennifer H.} and Brenner, {Michael B.} and David Wofsy and Nir Hacohen and Betty Diamond and Dia Waguespack and Connery, {Sean M.} and McMahon, {Maureen A.} and McCune, {William J.} and Kado, {Ruba B.} and Andrea Fava and Goldman, {Daniel H.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41590-019-0398-x",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "20",
pages = "902--914",
journal = "Nature Immunology",
issn = "1529-2908",
publisher = "Nature Research",
number = "7",
}