The exposome-a new paradigm for non-animal toxicology and integrated risk assessment

The exposome paradigm in toxicology addresses the need for cheaper, faster, and more mechanism-based approaches in toxicology for safety assessment of chemicals. The approach laid out in this chapter capitalizes on an exposure-driven testing approach, starting from the biology-based interpretation of human data (using high-dimension biology analytical methods, including omics, bioinformatics, and system biology models), resulting in reduced uncertainty associated with the predictions of in vitro data. Moreover, the exposome paradigm in toxicology approach accounts for the effect of time window of exposure on adverse outcomes, improving the study of latent and epigenetic effects of early life exposures.