TY - JOUR
T1 - The Effect of Improving Basic Preventive Measures in the Perioperative Arena on Staphylococcus aureus Transmission and Surgical Site Infections A Randomized Clinical Trial
AU - Loftus, Randy W.
AU - Dexter, Franklin
AU - Goodheart, Michael J.
AU - McDonald, Megan
AU - Keech, John
AU - Noiseux, Nicolas
AU - Pugely, Andrew
AU - Sharp, William
AU - Sharafuddin, Mel
AU - Lawrence, W. Thomas
AU - Fisher, Mark
AU - McGonagill, Patrick
AU - Shanklin, Jennifer
AU - Skeete, Dionne
AU - Tracy, Chad
AU - Erickson, Bradley
AU - Granchi, Thomas
AU - Evans, Lance
AU - Schmidt, Eli
AU - Godding, Joshua
AU - Brenneke, Raven
AU - Persons, Deanna
AU - Herber, Alexia
AU - Yeager, Mark
AU - Hadder, Brent
AU - Brown, Jeremiah R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Loftus RW et al.
PY - 2020/3/27
Y1 - 2020/3/27
N2 - IMPORTANCE Surgical site infections increase patient morbidity and health care costs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasize improved basic preventive measures to reduce bacterial transmission and infections among patients undergoing surgery. OBJECTIVE To assess whether improved basic preventive measures can reduce perioperative Staphylococcus aureus transmission and surgical site infections. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 20, 2018, to September 20, 2019, among 19 surgeons and their 236 associated patients at a major academic medical center with a 60-day follow-up period. Participants were a random sample of adult patients undergoing orthopedic total joint, orthopedic spine, oncologic gynecological, thoracic, general, colorectal, open vascular, plastic, or open urological surgery requiring general or regional anesthesia. Surgeons and their associated patients were randomized 1:1 via a random number generator to treatment group or to usual care. Observers were masked to patient groupings during assessment of outcome measures. INTERVENTIONS Sustained improvements in perioperative hand hygiene, vascular care, environmental cleaning, and patient decolonization efforts. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Perioperative S aureus transmission assessed by the number of isolates transmitted and the incidence of transmission among patient care units (primary) and the incidence of surgical site infections (secondary). RESULTS Of 236 patients (156 [66.1%] women; mean [SD] age, 57 [15] years), 106 (44.9%) and 130 (55.1%) were allocated to the treatment and control groups, respectively, received the intended treatment, and were analyzed for the primary outcome. Compared with the control group, the treatment group had a reduced mean (SD) number of transmitted perioperative S aureus isolates (1.25 [2.11] vs 0.47 [1.13]; P = .002). Treatment reduced the incidence of S aureus transmission (incidence risk ratio; 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37-0.86; P = .008; with robust variance clustering by surgeon: 95% CI, 0.42-0.76; P < .001). Overall, 11 patients (4.7%) experienced surgical site infections, 10 (7.7%) in the control group and 1 (0.9%) in the treatment group. Transmission was associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection (8 of 73 patients [11.0%] with transmission vs 3 of 163 [1.8%] without; risk ratio, 5.95; 95% CI, 1.62-21.86; P = .007). Treatment reduced the risk of surgical site infection (hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.92; P = .04; with clustering by surgeon: 95% CI, 0.03-0.51; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Improved basic preventive measures in the perioperative arena can reduce S aureus transmission and surgical site infections.
AB - IMPORTANCE Surgical site infections increase patient morbidity and health care costs. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasize improved basic preventive measures to reduce bacterial transmission and infections among patients undergoing surgery. OBJECTIVE To assess whether improved basic preventive measures can reduce perioperative Staphylococcus aureus transmission and surgical site infections. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 20, 2018, to September 20, 2019, among 19 surgeons and their 236 associated patients at a major academic medical center with a 60-day follow-up period. Participants were a random sample of adult patients undergoing orthopedic total joint, orthopedic spine, oncologic gynecological, thoracic, general, colorectal, open vascular, plastic, or open urological surgery requiring general or regional anesthesia. Surgeons and their associated patients were randomized 1:1 via a random number generator to treatment group or to usual care. Observers were masked to patient groupings during assessment of outcome measures. INTERVENTIONS Sustained improvements in perioperative hand hygiene, vascular care, environmental cleaning, and patient decolonization efforts. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Perioperative S aureus transmission assessed by the number of isolates transmitted and the incidence of transmission among patient care units (primary) and the incidence of surgical site infections (secondary). RESULTS Of 236 patients (156 [66.1%] women; mean [SD] age, 57 [15] years), 106 (44.9%) and 130 (55.1%) were allocated to the treatment and control groups, respectively, received the intended treatment, and were analyzed for the primary outcome. Compared with the control group, the treatment group had a reduced mean (SD) number of transmitted perioperative S aureus isolates (1.25 [2.11] vs 0.47 [1.13]; P = .002). Treatment reduced the incidence of S aureus transmission (incidence risk ratio; 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37-0.86; P = .008; with robust variance clustering by surgeon: 95% CI, 0.42-0.76; P < .001). Overall, 11 patients (4.7%) experienced surgical site infections, 10 (7.7%) in the control group and 1 (0.9%) in the treatment group. Transmission was associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection (8 of 73 patients [11.0%] with transmission vs 3 of 163 [1.8%] without; risk ratio, 5.95; 95% CI, 1.62-21.86; P = .007). Treatment reduced the risk of surgical site infection (hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.92; P = .04; with clustering by surgeon: 95% CI, 0.03-0.51; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Improved basic preventive measures in the perioperative arena can reduce S aureus transmission and surgical site infections.
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U2 - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1934
DO - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.1934
M3 - Article
C2 - 32219407
AN - SCOPUS:85082561431
SN - 2574-3805
VL - 3
SP - E201934
JO - JAMA Network Open
JF - JAMA Network Open
IS - 3
M1 - e201934
ER -