TY - JOUR
T1 - The behavioral pharmacology of alcohol and other drugs. Emerging issues.
AU - Carroll, M. E.
AU - Stitzer, M. L.
AU - Strain, E.
AU - Meisch, R. A.
PY - 1990
Y1 - 1990
N2 - Alcohol and other drugs are compared with respect to their abuse liability and dependence potential. Drug-reinforced behavior is defined, and factors related to the establishment of this behavior that have received increasing experimental attention in recent years are reviewed. Acquisition techniques, schedule of access, route of self-administration, and organism factors, such as species, gender, and genetic background, are discussed. Other areas of emerging interest are the effect of feeding regimens, alternative reinforcers, and social conditions on drug-reinforced behavior. Also, biochemical factors such as neurochemical alterations, hormonal changes, and alcohol and other drug combinations, are considered. Finally, dependence potential is considered in terms of observational changes and performance alterations that seem to be sensitive indicators of the protracted aspects of drug withdrawal. The relationship between drug-seeking behavior and withdrawal is examined.
AB - Alcohol and other drugs are compared with respect to their abuse liability and dependence potential. Drug-reinforced behavior is defined, and factors related to the establishment of this behavior that have received increasing experimental attention in recent years are reviewed. Acquisition techniques, schedule of access, route of self-administration, and organism factors, such as species, gender, and genetic background, are discussed. Other areas of emerging interest are the effect of feeding regimens, alternative reinforcers, and social conditions on drug-reinforced behavior. Also, biochemical factors such as neurochemical alterations, hormonal changes, and alcohol and other drug combinations, are considered. Finally, dependence potential is considered in terms of observational changes and performance alterations that seem to be sensitive indicators of the protracted aspects of drug withdrawal. The relationship between drug-seeking behavior and withdrawal is examined.
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M3 - Review article
C2 - 2185525
AN - SCOPUS:0025161086
SN - 0738-422X
VL - 8
SP - 5
EP - 46
JO - Recent developments in alcoholism : an official publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism
JF - Recent developments in alcoholism : an official publication of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism, the Research Society on Alcoholism, and the National Council on Alcoholism
ER -