TY - JOUR
T1 - Testosterone and depressive symptoms among men in the Diabetes Prevention Program
AU - on behalf of the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
AU - Kim, Catherine
AU - Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth
AU - Aroda, Vanita R.
AU - Mather, Kieren J.
AU - Christophi, Costas A.
AU - Horton, Edward S.
AU - Pi-Sunyer, Xavier
AU - Bray, George A.
AU - Labrie, Fernand
AU - Golden, Sherita Hill
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was also supported by R01 DK072041. The Southwestern American Indian Centers were supported directly by the NIDDK, including its Intramural Research Program, and the Indian Health Service. The General Clinical Research Center Program, National Center for Research Resources, and the Department of Veterans Affairs supported data collection at many of the clinical centers. Funding was also provided by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Aging, the National Eye Institute, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, the Office of Research on Women’s Health, the National Center for Minority Health and Human Disease, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Diabetes Association. Bristol-Myers Squibb and Parke-Davis provided additional funding and material support during the DPP, Lipha (Merck-Sante) provided medication and LifeScan Inc. donated materials during the DPP and DPPOS.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016
PY - 2016/10/1
Y1 - 2016/10/1
N2 - Objective We examined associations between intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) and changes in testosterone and associations with mood among middle-aged men. Design Secondary analysis of men (n = 886) participating in the Diabetes Prevention Program which randomized glucose-intolerant, overweight men to ILS, metformin, or placebo between 1996 and 1999. Main outcome measures Changes in testosterone between baseline and 1-year follow-up asnd associations of these changes with mood measures (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-II], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]). Results Median baseline testosterone was 10.98 nmol/l and 44% (n = 385) had testosterone < 10.41 nmol/l or 300 ng/dl. Testosterone increases were greater among men randomized to ILS vs. metformin vs. placebo (1.15 nmol/l vs. −0.12 nmol/l vs. −0.27 nmol/l, p < 0.001). The association between changes in testosterone and mood differed by study arm (p < 0.001 for interaction); there were no significant associations between changes in testosterone and mood changes among men in the ILS or placebo arms. Among men in the metformin arm, increases in testosterone were significantly associated with decreases in BDI-II (improved depressive symptoms) (β-coefficient −0.2336, p = 0.0002) indicating a 0.23 decrease in BDI-II for every 1 nmol/l increase in testosterone and decreases in BAI (improved anxiety symptoms) (β-coefficient −0.2147, p = 0.0014). Similar patterns were observed for bioavailable testosterone. Conclusions Among overweight middle-aged men with glucose-intolerance, ILS increased endogenous testosterone slightly but without significant improvements in mood. Metformin did not increase testosterone, but among metformin users, testosterone increases were associated with improvements in mood. Thus, interventions that increase endogenous testosterone may not also improve mood.
AB - Objective We examined associations between intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) and changes in testosterone and associations with mood among middle-aged men. Design Secondary analysis of men (n = 886) participating in the Diabetes Prevention Program which randomized glucose-intolerant, overweight men to ILS, metformin, or placebo between 1996 and 1999. Main outcome measures Changes in testosterone between baseline and 1-year follow-up asnd associations of these changes with mood measures (Beck Depression Inventory [BDI-II], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]). Results Median baseline testosterone was 10.98 nmol/l and 44% (n = 385) had testosterone < 10.41 nmol/l or 300 ng/dl. Testosterone increases were greater among men randomized to ILS vs. metformin vs. placebo (1.15 nmol/l vs. −0.12 nmol/l vs. −0.27 nmol/l, p < 0.001). The association between changes in testosterone and mood differed by study arm (p < 0.001 for interaction); there were no significant associations between changes in testosterone and mood changes among men in the ILS or placebo arms. Among men in the metformin arm, increases in testosterone were significantly associated with decreases in BDI-II (improved depressive symptoms) (β-coefficient −0.2336, p = 0.0002) indicating a 0.23 decrease in BDI-II for every 1 nmol/l increase in testosterone and decreases in BAI (improved anxiety symptoms) (β-coefficient −0.2147, p = 0.0014). Similar patterns were observed for bioavailable testosterone. Conclusions Among overweight middle-aged men with glucose-intolerance, ILS increased endogenous testosterone slightly but without significant improvements in mood. Metformin did not increase testosterone, but among metformin users, testosterone increases were associated with improvements in mood. Thus, interventions that increase endogenous testosterone may not also improve mood.
KW - Androgens
KW - Glucose-intolerance
KW - Mood
KW - Testosterone
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U2 - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.06.009
DO - 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.06.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 27371769
AN - SCOPUS:84976584660
SN - 0306-4530
VL - 72
SP - 63
EP - 71
JO - Psychoneuroendocrinology
JF - Psychoneuroendocrinology
ER -