Targeting T cell metabolism to regulate T cell activation, differentiation and function in disease

It is becoming increasingly clear that metabolic reprogramming plays a critical role in T cell activation, differentiation and function. To this end, cellular metabolism not only meets the energetic demands of T cells but also provides critical substrates for their growth and function. Furthermore, metabolites themselves are emerging as key regulators of immune responses. As the details of how metabolic reprogramming regulates immune function are revealed, new potential targets for modulating immune responses have emerged. Indeed, the distinct metabolic demands of different T cell subsets make them exquisitely sensitive to pharmacologic inhibitors of metabolism. In this review, we will describe the emerging strategies whereby targeting metabolism can shape the T cell response.