Suppression of star formation in early-type galaxies by feedback from supermassive black holes

Kevin Schawinski; Sadegh Khochfar; Sugata Kaviraj; Sukyoung K. Yi; Alessandro Boselli; Tom Barlow; Tim Conrow; Karl Forster; Peter G. Friedman; D. Chris Martin; Patrick Morrissey; Susan Neff; David Schiminovich; Mark Seibert; Todd Small; Ted K. Wyder; Luciana Bianchi; Jose Donas; Tim Heckman; Young Wook Lee; Barry Madore; Bruno Milliard; R. Michael Rich; Alex Szalay

doi:10.1038/nature04934

Suppression of star formation in early-type galaxies by feedback from supermassive black holes

Kevin Schawinski, Sadegh Khochfar, Sugata Kaviraj, Sukyoung K. Yi, Alessandro Boselli, Tom Barlow, Tim Conrow, Karl Forster, Peter G. Friedman, D. Chris Martin, Patrick Morrissey, Susan Neff, David Schiminovich, Mark Seibert, Todd Small, Ted K. Wyder, Luciana Bianchi, Jose Donas, Tim Heckman, Young Wook LeeBarry Madore, Bruno Milliard, R. Michael Rich, Alex Szalay

Krieger School of Arts and Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Detailed high-resolution observations of the innermost regions of nearby galaxies have revealed the presence of supermassive black holes. These black holes may interact with their host galaxies by means of 'feedback' in the form of energy and material jets; this feedback affects the evolution of the host and gives rise to observed relations between the black hole and the host. Here we report observations of the ultraviolet emissions of massive early-type galaxies. We derive an empirical relation for a critical black-hole mass (as a function of velocity dispersion) above which the outflows from these black holes suppress star formation in their hosts by heating and expelling all available cold gas. Supermassive black holes are negligible in mass compared to their hosts but nevertheless seem to play a critical role in the star formation history of galaxies.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	888-891
Number of pages	4
Journal	Nature
Volume	442
Issue number	7105
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04934
State	Published - Aug 24 2006

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Schawinski, K., Khochfar, S., Kaviraj, S., Yi, S. K., Boselli, A., Barlow, T., Conrow, T., Forster, K., Friedman, P. G., Martin, D. C., Morrissey, P., Neff, S., Schiminovich, D., Seibert, M., Small, T., Wyder, T. K., Bianchi, L., Donas, J., Heckman, T., ... Szalay, A. (2006). Suppression of star formation in early-type galaxies by feedback from supermassive black holes. Nature, 442(7105), 888-891. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04934

Schawinski, K, Khochfar, S, Kaviraj, S, Yi, SK, Boselli, A, Barlow, T, Conrow, T, Forster, K, Friedman, PG, Martin, DC, Morrissey, P, Neff, S, Schiminovich, D, Seibert, M, Small, T, Wyder, TK, Bianchi, L, Donas, J, Heckman, T, Lee, YW, Madore, B, Milliard, B, Rich, RM & Szalay, A 2006, 'Suppression of star formation in early-type galaxies by feedback from supermassive black holes', Nature, vol. 442, no. 7105, pp. 888-891. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04934

@article{0928f23d36a3488e8c48ced7e548d47c,

title = "Suppression of star formation in early-type galaxies by feedback from supermassive black holes",

abstract = "Detailed high-resolution observations of the innermost regions of nearby galaxies have revealed the presence of supermassive black holes. These black holes may interact with their host galaxies by means of 'feedback' in the form of energy and material jets; this feedback affects the evolution of the host and gives rise to observed relations between the black hole and the host. Here we report observations of the ultraviolet emissions of massive early-type galaxies. We derive an empirical relation for a critical black-hole mass (as a function of velocity dispersion) above which the outflows from these black holes suppress star formation in their hosts by heating and expelling all available cold gas. Supermassive black holes are negligible in mass compared to their hosts but nevertheless seem to play a critical role in the star formation history of galaxies.",

author = "Kevin Schawinski and Sadegh Khochfar and Sugata Kaviraj and Yi, {Sukyoung K.} and Alessandro Boselli and Tom Barlow and Tim Conrow and Karl Forster and Friedman, {Peter G.} and Martin, {D. Chris} and Patrick Morrissey and Susan Neff and David Schiminovich and Mark Seibert and Todd Small and Wyder, {Ted K.} and Luciana Bianchi and Jose Donas and Tim Heckman and Lee, {Young Wook} and Barry Madore and Bruno Milliard and Rich, {R. Michael} and Alex Szalay",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank J. Magorrian for discussions and comments. GALEX is a NASA Small Explorer, launched in April 2003. We acknowledge NASA{\textquoteright}s support for construction, operation, and science analysis for the GALEX mission, developed in cooperation with the Centre National d{\textquoteright}{\'E}tudes Spatiales of France and the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology. This work was supported by the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (S.K.Y.).",

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doi = "10.1038/nature04934",

language = "English (US)",

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AU - Schawinski, Kevin

AU - Khochfar, Sadegh

AU - Kaviraj, Sugata

AU - Yi, Sukyoung K.

AU - Boselli, Alessandro

AU - Barlow, Tom

AU - Conrow, Tim

AU - Forster, Karl

AU - Friedman, Peter G.

AU - Martin, D. Chris

AU - Morrissey, Patrick

AU - Neff, Susan

AU - Schiminovich, David

AU - Seibert, Mark

AU - Small, Todd

AU - Wyder, Ted K.

AU - Bianchi, Luciana

AU - Donas, Jose

AU - Heckman, Tim

AU - Lee, Young Wook

AU - Madore, Barry

AU - Milliard, Bruno

AU - Rich, R. Michael

AU - Szalay, Alex

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank J. Magorrian for discussions and comments. GALEX is a NASA Small Explorer, launched in April 2003. We acknowledge NASA’s support for construction, operation, and science analysis for the GALEX mission, developed in cooperation with the Centre National d’Études Spatiales of France and the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology. This work was supported by the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation (S.K.Y.).

PY - 2006/8/24

Y1 - 2006/8/24

N2 - Detailed high-resolution observations of the innermost regions of nearby galaxies have revealed the presence of supermassive black holes. These black holes may interact with their host galaxies by means of 'feedback' in the form of energy and material jets; this feedback affects the evolution of the host and gives rise to observed relations between the black hole and the host. Here we report observations of the ultraviolet emissions of massive early-type galaxies. We derive an empirical relation for a critical black-hole mass (as a function of velocity dispersion) above which the outflows from these black holes suppress star formation in their hosts by heating and expelling all available cold gas. Supermassive black holes are negligible in mass compared to their hosts but nevertheless seem to play a critical role in the star formation history of galaxies.

AB - Detailed high-resolution observations of the innermost regions of nearby galaxies have revealed the presence of supermassive black holes. These black holes may interact with their host galaxies by means of 'feedback' in the form of energy and material jets; this feedback affects the evolution of the host and gives rise to observed relations between the black hole and the host. Here we report observations of the ultraviolet emissions of massive early-type galaxies. We derive an empirical relation for a critical black-hole mass (as a function of velocity dispersion) above which the outflows from these black holes suppress star formation in their hosts by heating and expelling all available cold gas. Supermassive black holes are negligible in mass compared to their hosts but nevertheless seem to play a critical role in the star formation history of galaxies.

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Suppression of star formation in early-type galaxies by feedback from supermassive black holes

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