Sphingolipid-mediated inhibition of apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages

Daniela N. Petrusca, Yuan Gu, Jeremy J. Adamowicz, Natalia I. Rush, Walter C. Hubbard, Patricia A. Smith, Evgeni V. Berdyshev, Konstantin G. Birukov, Chao Hung Lee, Rubin M. Tuder, Homer L. Twigg, R. William Vandivier, Irina Petrache

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

54 Scopus citations

Abstract

A decreased clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by alveolar macrophages (AM) may contribute to inflammation in emphysema. The up-regulation of ceramides in response to cigarette smoking (CS) has been linked to AM accumulation and increased detection of apoptotic alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells in lung parenchyma. We hypothesized that ceramides inhibit the AM phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Release of endogenous ceramides via sphingomyelinase or exogenous ceramide treatments dose-dependently impaired apoptotic Jurkat cell phagocytosis by primary rat or human AM, irrespective of the molecular species of ceramide. Similarly, in vivo augmentation of lung ceramides via intratracheal instillation in rats significantly decreased the engulfment of instilled target apoptotic thymocytes by resident AM. The mechanism of ceramide-induced efferocytosis impairment was dependent on generation of sphingosine via ceramidase. Sphingosine treatment recapitulated the effects of ceramide, dose-dependently inhibiting apoptotic cell clearance. The effect of ceramide on efferocytosis was associated with decreased membrane ruffle formation and attenuated Rac1 plasma membrane recruitment. Constitutively active Rac1 overexpression rescued AMefferocytosis against the effects of ceramide. CS exposure significantly increasedAMceramides and recapitulated the effect of ceramides on Rac1 membrane recruitment in a sphingosine-dependent manner. Importantly, CS profoundly inhibitedAM efferocytosis via ceramide-dependent sphingosine production. These results suggest that excessive lung ceramides may amplify lung injury in emphysema by causing both apoptosis of structural cells and inhibition of their clearance by AM.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)40322-40332
Number of pages11
JournalJournal of Biological Chemistry
Volume285
Issue number51
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 17 2010
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

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