Speech and Language Disorders

Roger P. Rossi, Jason H. Kortte, Jeffrey B. Palmer

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

Abstract

Altered speech, language, and cognitive dysfunction result from a direct insult to the brain due to various neurologic disorders. Distinctive patterns of language use have been associated with certain neurologic conditions. In the majority of individuals, the left brain contains centers of language, whereas the right brain has a distinct role in cognitive performance. Language is the communication system for the dissemination of thoughts, emotions, and beliefs. The use of language depends on receptive and expressive abilities. Receptive language is the ability to understand words; expressive language is the ability to produce words. The verbal or oral output of language is referred to as speech. Disorders of speech occur when there are dysfunctions in the key elements of speech, including sound, articulation, phonologic errors, intelligibility, stimulability, fluency, voice, and resonance. Cortical neuroplasticity has a significant role in language recovery following neurologic injury and can be facilitated by behavioral speech and language therapy. Recent research has suggested that by complementing traditional therapies with neurostimulation techniques, functional gains after neurologic injury may be enhanced.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationEssentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Subtitle of host publicationMusculoskeletal Disorders, Pain, and Rehabilitation
PublisherElsevier
Pages895-901
Number of pages7
ISBN (Electronic)9780323549479
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2018

Keywords

  • Aphasia
  • Apraxia
  • Constraint-induced aphasia treatment
  • Direct transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
  • Dysarthria
  • Dysphonia
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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