TY - JOUR
T1 - Shaping cocaine abstinence by successive approximation
AU - Preston, Kenzie L.
AU - Umbricht, Annie
AU - Wong, Conrad J.
AU - Epstein, David H.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Cocaine-using methadone-maintenance patients were randomized to standard contingency management (abstinence group, n = 49) or to a contingency designed to increase contact with reinforcers (shaping group, n = 46). For 8 weeks, both groups earned escalating-value vouchers based on thrice-weekly urinalyses: The abstinence group earned vouchers for cocaine-negative urines only; the shaping group earned vouchers for each urine specimen with a 25% or more decrease in cocaine metabolite (first 3 weeks) and then for negative urines only (last 5 weeks). Cocaine use was lower in the shaping group, but only in the last 5 weeks, when the response requirement was identical. Thus, the shaping contingency appeared to better prepare patients for abstinence. A 2nd phase of the study showed that abstinence induced by escalating-value vouchers can be maintained by a nonescalating schedule, suggesting that contingency management can be practical as a maintenance treatment.
AB - Cocaine-using methadone-maintenance patients were randomized to standard contingency management (abstinence group, n = 49) or to a contingency designed to increase contact with reinforcers (shaping group, n = 46). For 8 weeks, both groups earned escalating-value vouchers based on thrice-weekly urinalyses: The abstinence group earned vouchers for cocaine-negative urines only; the shaping group earned vouchers for each urine specimen with a 25% or more decrease in cocaine metabolite (first 3 weeks) and then for negative urines only (last 5 weeks). Cocaine use was lower in the shaping group, but only in the last 5 weeks, when the response requirement was identical. Thus, the shaping contingency appeared to better prepare patients for abstinence. A 2nd phase of the study showed that abstinence induced by escalating-value vouchers can be maintained by a nonescalating schedule, suggesting that contingency management can be practical as a maintenance treatment.
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U2 - 10.1037/0022-006X.69.4.643
DO - 10.1037/0022-006X.69.4.643
M3 - Article
C2 - 11550730
AN - SCOPUS:0034863092
SN - 0022-006X
VL - 69
SP - 643
EP - 654
JO - Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
JF - Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
IS - 4
ER -