TY - JOUR
T1 - Sex Differences in Cardiorespiratory Fitness and All-Cause Mortality
T2 - The Henry Ford ExercIse Testing (FIT) Project
AU - Al-Mallah, Mouaz H.
AU - Juraschek, Stephen P.
AU - Whelton, Seamus
AU - Dardari, Zeina A.
AU - Ehrman, Jonathan K.
AU - Michos, Erin D.
AU - Blumenthal, Roger S.
AU - Nasir, Khurram
AU - Qureshi, Waqas T.
AU - Brawner, Clinton A.
AU - Keteyian, Steven J.
AU - Blaha, Michael J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
PY - 2016/6/1
Y1 - 2016/6/1
N2 - Objective To determine whether sex modifies the relationship between fitness and mortality. Patients and Methods We included 57,284 patients without coronary artery disease or heart failure who completed a routine treadmill exercise test between 1991 and 2009. We determined metabolic equivalent tasks (METs) and linked patient records with mortality data via the Social Security Death Index. Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine the association between sex, fitness, and all-cause mortality. Results There were 29,470 men (51.4%) and 27,814 women (48.6%) with mean ages of 53 and 54 years, respectively. Overall, men achieved 1.7 METs higher than women (P<.001). During median follow-up of 10 years, there were 6402 deaths. The mortality rate for men in each MET group was similar to that for women, who achieved an average of 2.6 METs lower (P=.004). Fitness was inversely associated with mortality in both men (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84 per 1 MET; 95% CI, 0.83-0.85) and women (HR, 0.83 per 1 MET; 95% CI, 0.81-0.84). This relationship did not plateau at high or low MET values. Conclusion Although men demonstrated 1.7 METs higher than women, their survival was equivalent to that of women demonstrating 2.6 METs lower. Furthermore, higher MET values were associated with lower mortality for both men and women across the range of MET values. These findings are useful for tailoring prognostic information and lifestyle guidance to men and women undergoing stress testing.
AB - Objective To determine whether sex modifies the relationship between fitness and mortality. Patients and Methods We included 57,284 patients without coronary artery disease or heart failure who completed a routine treadmill exercise test between 1991 and 2009. We determined metabolic equivalent tasks (METs) and linked patient records with mortality data via the Social Security Death Index. Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine the association between sex, fitness, and all-cause mortality. Results There were 29,470 men (51.4%) and 27,814 women (48.6%) with mean ages of 53 and 54 years, respectively. Overall, men achieved 1.7 METs higher than women (P<.001). During median follow-up of 10 years, there were 6402 deaths. The mortality rate for men in each MET group was similar to that for women, who achieved an average of 2.6 METs lower (P=.004). Fitness was inversely associated with mortality in both men (hazard ratio [HR], 0.84 per 1 MET; 95% CI, 0.83-0.85) and women (HR, 0.83 per 1 MET; 95% CI, 0.81-0.84). This relationship did not plateau at high or low MET values. Conclusion Although men demonstrated 1.7 METs higher than women, their survival was equivalent to that of women demonstrating 2.6 METs lower. Furthermore, higher MET values were associated with lower mortality for both men and women across the range of MET values. These findings are useful for tailoring prognostic information and lifestyle guidance to men and women undergoing stress testing.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.002
DO - 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 27161032
AN - SCOPUS:84965014122
SN - 0025-6196
VL - 91
SP - 755
EP - 762
JO - Mayo Clinic proceedings
JF - Mayo Clinic proceedings
IS - 6
ER -