Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralizing Antibody Responses After Community Infections in Children and Adults

Fatimah S. Dawood, Alexia Couture, Xueyan Zhang, Melissa S. Stockwell, Christina A. Porucznik, Joseph B. Stanford, Marissa Hetrich, Vic Veguilla, Natalie Thornburg, Christopher D. Heaney, Jing Wang, Jazmin Duque, Zuha Jeddy, Maria Deloria Knoll, Ruth Karron

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: We compared postinfection severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses among children and adults while the D614G-like strain and Alpha, Iota, and Delta variants circulated. Methods: During August 2020-October 2021, households with adults and children were enrolled and followed in Utah, New York City, and Maryland. Participants collected weekly respiratory swabs that were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and had sera collected during enrollment and follow-up. Sera were tested for SARS-CoV-2 nAb by pseudovirus assay. Postinfection titers were characterized with biexponential decay models. Results: Eighty participants had SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study (47 with D614G-like virus, 17 with B.1.1.7, and 8 each with B.1.617.2 and B.1.526 virus). Homologous nAb geometric mean titers (GMTs) trended higher in adults (GMT = 2320) versus children 0-4 (GMT = 425, P =. 33) and 5-17 years (GMT = 396, P =. 31) at 1-5 weeks postinfection but were similar from 6 weeks. Timing of peak titers was similar by age. Results were consistent when participants with self-reported infection before enrollment were included (n = 178). Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 nAb titers differed in children compared to adults early after infection but were similar by 6 weeks postinfection. If postvaccination nAb kinetics have similar trends, vaccine immunobridging studies may need to compare nAb responses in adults and children 6 weeks or more after vaccination.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numberofad168
JournalOpen Forum Infectious Diseases
Volume10
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 1 2023

Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • adults
  • antibodies
  • children

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases

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