@article{413bb806607c4c02b1a8e75eee24a9d3,
title = "Secondhand smoke exposure and validity of self-report in low-income women and children in India",
abstract = "Background: There is limited validation of self-reported measures for secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in low- and middle-income countries. We evaluated the validity of standard self-reported measures among women and children in urban India. Methods: Structured questionnaires were administered, and household air and hair samples were analyzed for nicotine concentration. Results: In total, 141 households of 70 child and 71 adult participants were included. Air nicotine was detected in 72 (51%) homes, and 35 (75%) child and 12 (56%) adult participants had detectable hair nicotine. Correlation between air and hair nicotine was significant in children (r = 0.5; P = .0002) but not in adults (r = -0.1; P = .57). Poor correlation was found between self-reported measures of exposure and both air and hair nicotine. No questions were significantly correlated with hair nicotine, and the highest-magnitude correlation with air nicotine was for how often someone smoked inside for adults (r = 0.4; P = .10) and for home preparation of mishri (a smokeless tobacco product prepared for consumption by roasting) for children (r = 0.4; P = .39). The highest value for sensitivity by using air nicotine as the gold standard was for whether people smelled other families preparing mishri (47%; 95% confidence interval: 31-62) and prepared mishri in their own homes (50%; 95% confidence interval: 19-81). Conclusions: These results raise caution in using or evaluating self-reported SHS exposure in these communities. More appropriate questions for this population are needed, including mishri preparation as a source of SHS exposure.",
author = "Elf, {Jessica L.} and Aarti Kinikar and Sandhya Khadse and Vidya Mave and Nikhil Gupte and Vaishali Kulkarni and Sunita Patekar and Priyanka Raichur and Joanna Cohen and Breysse, {Patrick N.} and Amita Gupta and Golub, {Jonathan E.}",
note = "Funding Information: FunDIng: Supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (award R01AI097494); the fogarty International Center; the Office of AIDS Research; the National Cancer Center; the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women{\textquoteright}s Health through the fogarty Global Health fellows Program Consortium, which is comprised of the University of North Carolina, Johns Hopkins University, Morehouse College, and Tulane University (award R25TW009340). Data in this manuscript were collected as part of the Regional Prospective Observational Research for Tuberculosis India Consortium. funded in whole or in part by federal funds from the Government of India{\textquoteright}s Department of Biotechnology, the Indian Council of Medical Research, the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and the Office of AIDS Research and distributed in part by CRDf Global. Research was also supported by the Ujala Education foundation, the Gilead foundation, and the Institute for Global Tobacco Control at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health with funding from the flight Attendants Medical Research Institute. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the Department of Biotechnology, the Indian Council of Medical Research, the National Institutes of Health, or CRDf Global. Any mention of trade names, commercial projects, or organizations does not imply endorsement by any of the sponsoring organizations. Dr Aarti Kinikar was supported by the fogarty International Center BJGMC JHU John Hopkins HIV TB Program D43TW009574. funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH). Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2018 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1542/peds.2017-1026O",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "141",
pages = "S118--S129",
journal = "Pediatrics",
issn = "0031-4005",
publisher = "American Academy of Pediatrics",
}