Sclerosing inflammation in the orbit and in the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae

Purpose: To describe two cases with sclerosing inflammation in the orbit and in the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae and to review the literature of head and neck idiopathic inflammation. Methods: Interventional case series. Two clinical case reports of sclerosing inflammation in the orbits and in the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae are presented. A review of the literature and discussion was performed. Results: Both patients had histologic findings typical of chronic orbital sclerosing inflammation, including mature lymphocytes associated with dense collagen deposition and occasional lymphoid follicles. Bone erosion was present in one patient. Conclusions: The clinical findings of this case series concur with the literature that idiopathic inflammation can be found simultaneously in the orbit and in the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae. These cases of idiopathic inflammation are often clinically indistinguishable from malignant neoplasms.