Role of nitric oxide in porcine liver circulation under normal and endotoxemic conditions

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the liver vasculature during baseline and endotoxic shock states was evaluated in 17 anesthetized pigs. Mean systemic arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and portal venous pressure and flow, hepatic arterial pressure and flow, and cardiac output were measured. Pressure-flow (P-Q̇) relationships defined resistances as a back pressure and a slope. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with N(G)- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at baseline increased mean arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, hepatic arterial pressure, and the slopes of their P-Q̇ relationships (P < 0.05) but had no effect on portal venous pressure or its P-Q̇ relationship. After endotoxin (10 μg/kg iv), NO induced arterial dilation and attenuated increases in portal venous and pulmonary arterial resistances (P < 0.05) that were reversed by L-NAME. NOS inhibition was stereospecifically reversed by L-arginine. Local control of liver blood flow at baseline via the hepatic arterial buffer response and hepatic arterial autoregulation were increased in gain after L-NAME. Endotoxic shock ablated the hepatic arterial buffer response and autoregulation independent of either NO or an α-adrenergic-receptor agonist (P < 0.05). Under baseline conditions, NO modulates pulmonary, systemic, and hepatic arterial but not portal venous resistances. NO production during endotoxic shock induces arterial hypotension and hepatic arterial vasodilation and attenuates increases in both portal and pulmonary resistances. NOS inhibition in endotoxic shock could increase morbidity due to a loss of local control of liver blood flow and marked increases in resistance to venous return across both the liver and lungs.