TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk for Perinatal HIV-1 Transmission According to Maternal Immunologic, Virologic, and Placental Factors
AU - Louis, Michael E.St
AU - Kamenga, Munkolenkole
AU - Brown, Christopher
AU - Nelson, Ann Marie
AU - Manzila, Tarande
AU - Batter, Veronique
AU - Behets, Frieda
AU - Kabagabo, Uwa
AU - Ryder, Robert W.
AU - Oxtoby, Margaret
AU - Quinn, Thomas C.
AU - Heyward, William L.
PY - 1993/6/9
Y1 - 1993/6/9
N2 - Objective.—To evaluate how maternal and obstetric factors interact to influence mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. Design.—Prospective, observational cohort study of children born to HIV-infected women to determine child’s HIV infection status. The analysis then compared peripartum maternal, placental, and obstetric variables between HIV-1 transmitter and nontransmitter women. Setting.—Two large maternity wards in Kinshasa, Zaire. Participants.—Consecutive sample of 324 HIV-1—infected women at delivery, with 254 HIV-seronegative women followed up as control subjects. Principal Outcome Measures.—HIV infection status of children, to classify each woman as an HIV-1 transmitter or nontransmitter. Results.—The highest transmission risk (TR) was associated with maternal p24 antigenemia (TR, 71%; relative risk [RR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 5.2) and maternal CD8+ lymphocyte counts of at least 1.80×109/L (1800/μL) (TR, 50%; RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). Among women with CD8+ lymphocyte counts of less than 1.80×109/L, CD4+ lymphocyte counts of less than 0.60×109/L were a risk factor (TR, 29%; RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). In women with neither high CD8+ nor low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, placental membrane inflammation was associated with perinatal transmission (TR, 40%; RR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.3 to 13.7). In women with neither p24 antigenemia, high CD8+ or low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, nor placental membrane inflammation, the transmission risk was only 7%. Additional correlates of transmission included maternal anemia and fever, but not maternal sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusions.—Identifiable subgroups of HIV-1—infected women based on maternal and placental characteristics had between a 7% and 71% risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Not only the overall rate of transmission but the impact of different risk factors for transmission appear to vary over the course of HIV infection.
AB - Objective.—To evaluate how maternal and obstetric factors interact to influence mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. Design.—Prospective, observational cohort study of children born to HIV-infected women to determine child’s HIV infection status. The analysis then compared peripartum maternal, placental, and obstetric variables between HIV-1 transmitter and nontransmitter women. Setting.—Two large maternity wards in Kinshasa, Zaire. Participants.—Consecutive sample of 324 HIV-1—infected women at delivery, with 254 HIV-seronegative women followed up as control subjects. Principal Outcome Measures.—HIV infection status of children, to classify each woman as an HIV-1 transmitter or nontransmitter. Results.—The highest transmission risk (TR) was associated with maternal p24 antigenemia (TR, 71%; relative risk [RR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 5.2) and maternal CD8+ lymphocyte counts of at least 1.80×109/L (1800/μL) (TR, 50%; RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). Among women with CD8+ lymphocyte counts of less than 1.80×109/L, CD4+ lymphocyte counts of less than 0.60×109/L were a risk factor (TR, 29%; RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2). In women with neither high CD8+ nor low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, placental membrane inflammation was associated with perinatal transmission (TR, 40%; RR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.3 to 13.7). In women with neither p24 antigenemia, high CD8+ or low CD4+ lymphocyte counts, nor placental membrane inflammation, the transmission risk was only 7%. Additional correlates of transmission included maternal anemia and fever, but not maternal sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusions.—Identifiable subgroups of HIV-1—infected women based on maternal and placental characteristics had between a 7% and 71% risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Not only the overall rate of transmission but the impact of different risk factors for transmission appear to vary over the course of HIV infection.
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U2 - 10.1001/jama.1993.03500220039023
DO - 10.1001/jama.1993.03500220039023
M3 - Article
C2 - 8098783
AN - SCOPUS:0027263263
SN - 0098-7484
VL - 269
SP - 2853
EP - 2859
JO - JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
JF - JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
IS - 22
ER -