TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for pregnancy-related mortality
T2 - A prospective study in rural Nepal
AU - Christian, Parul
AU - Katz, Joanne
AU - Wu, Lee
AU - Kimbrough-Pradhan, Elizabeth
AU - Khatry, Subarna K.
AU - LeClerq, Steven C.
AU - West, Keith P.
PY - 2008/2
Y1 - 2008/2
N2 - Objectives: This study examined the risk factors of mortality related to pregnancy for the first year post partum in a cohort of 25,580 pregnancies. Study design: Longitudinal cohort follow-up. Methods: Details of socio-economic status, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), diet, illness, work, substance use and previous pregnancy history were collected during early to mid-gestation, and these women were followed for 1 year post partum. All-cause mortality rates per 100,000 pregnancies were calculated for deaths during pregnancy or up to 42 days post partum (early period) and 43-364 days post partum (late period). Odds ratios (OR) of mortality were estimated using five groups of risk factors: biological; morbidity; dietary; lifestyle; and socio-economic. Significant factors within each group were included in a single risk model for each time period. Results: Early and late pregnancy-related mortality rates were 469 [95% confidence interval (CI) 385-553] and 254 (95% CI 192-316), respectively. Maternal age ≥35 years was associated with a three- to four-fold increase in mortality, whereas increasing parity conferred increasing protection. In the final model, a larger MUAC and consumption of dark green leaves were associated with decreased risk of death in the early period (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.87 and 0.64, 95% CI 0.41-0.99, respectively). A larger MUAC was also associated with a lower risk of death in the late period. Diarrhoea/dysentery and pre-eclampsia were associated with increased risk of death in the early period (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.40-5.51 and 2.95, 95% CI 1.48-5.90, respectively). Factors weakly associated (P<0.1) with mortality in both periods included night blindness, strenuous work activity and cigarette smoking. No socio-economic factors were significant in the models. Conclusions: Maternal age, parity, MUAC, diet and illness in early to mid-gestation were associated with risk of death during pregnancy and the first year post partum in rural Nepal.
AB - Objectives: This study examined the risk factors of mortality related to pregnancy for the first year post partum in a cohort of 25,580 pregnancies. Study design: Longitudinal cohort follow-up. Methods: Details of socio-economic status, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), diet, illness, work, substance use and previous pregnancy history were collected during early to mid-gestation, and these women were followed for 1 year post partum. All-cause mortality rates per 100,000 pregnancies were calculated for deaths during pregnancy or up to 42 days post partum (early period) and 43-364 days post partum (late period). Odds ratios (OR) of mortality were estimated using five groups of risk factors: biological; morbidity; dietary; lifestyle; and socio-economic. Significant factors within each group were included in a single risk model for each time period. Results: Early and late pregnancy-related mortality rates were 469 [95% confidence interval (CI) 385-553] and 254 (95% CI 192-316), respectively. Maternal age ≥35 years was associated with a three- to four-fold increase in mortality, whereas increasing parity conferred increasing protection. In the final model, a larger MUAC and consumption of dark green leaves were associated with decreased risk of death in the early period (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.87 and 0.64, 95% CI 0.41-0.99, respectively). A larger MUAC was also associated with a lower risk of death in the late period. Diarrhoea/dysentery and pre-eclampsia were associated with increased risk of death in the early period (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.40-5.51 and 2.95, 95% CI 1.48-5.90, respectively). Factors weakly associated (P<0.1) with mortality in both periods included night blindness, strenuous work activity and cigarette smoking. No socio-economic factors were significant in the models. Conclusions: Maternal age, parity, MUAC, diet and illness in early to mid-gestation were associated with risk of death during pregnancy and the first year post partum in rural Nepal.
KW - Maternal mortality
KW - Nepal
KW - Nutrition
KW - Pregnancy
KW - Risk factors
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=38349078889&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.06.003
DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.06.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 17826810
AN - SCOPUS:38349078889
SN - 0033-3506
VL - 122
SP - 161
EP - 172
JO - Public Health
JF - Public Health
IS - 2
ER -