Rheumatic Paraneoplastic Syndromes and Malignancies With Rheumatic Manifestations

Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare but can have enormous impact on diagnosis and outcome of neoplastic diseases and on patients’ quality of life. Rheumatologists should be familiar with paraneoplastic syndromes and characteristic musculoskeletal manifestations of malignancies to help diagnose them early for timely initiation of anti-tumor therapies. In patients undergoing treatment of malignancy, rheumatic symptoms may also prompt referral to rheumatology. In this chapter, we describe the characteristic features of various paraneoplastic syndromes including paraneoplastic arthritis and related syndromes, erythromelalgia, paraneoplastic vasculitis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and tumor-induced osteomalacia. Malignant disease with rheumatic manifestations and rheumatic disorders associated with treatment of malignant disease are also discussed.