Retinopathy of Prematurity

Prolima G. Thacker, Michael X. Repka

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapter

Abstract

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) affects the retina of premature infants and is a common cause of reduced vision in the developed world. The development of ROP has two phases, obliterative and vasoproliferative. The obliterative phase occurs from birth to a postmenstrual age of approximately 30 to 32 weeks, when the retinal vascular growth slows, along with some regression of retinal vessels. The relative hyperoxia of the extrauterine environment and supplemental oxygen may be the underlying reasons. The vasoproliferative phase begins around 32 to 34 weeks postmenstrual age, when the relative hypoxia increases expression of vascular endothelial growth factors and blood vessel growth. New, abnormal vessels form at the junction between the vascularized and the avascular zones of the retina. These vessels may produce a fibrous scar, which may contract in some cases and cause retinal detachment and blindness. In this chapter, we have summarized the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, screening, currently available treatment, and possible future directions in the management of ROP.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationPrinciples of Neonatology
PublisherElsevier
Pages545-551
Number of pages7
ISBN (Electronic)9780323694155
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2023

Keywords

  • aggressive-posterior ROP
  • ambient light reduction
  • astrocytes
  • avascular retina
  • avascular zone
  • bevacizumab
  • Bevacizumab Eliminates the Angiogenic Threat of Retinopathy of Prematurity (BEAT-ROP) study
  • bilateral
  • binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy
  • birth weight
  • blindness
  • centripetal
  • childhood blindness
  • continuous positive airway pressure
  • Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP)
  • digital retinal photography
  • docosahexaenoic acid
  • duration of ventilation
  • eicosapentaenoic acid
  • erythropoietin
  • frizzled 4
  • ganglion cells
  • glial cells
  • growth hormone
  • HIF‐1α
  • hypoxia induced factor 1
  • immature
  • inner vascular plexus
  • inositol supplementation
  • insulin-like growth factor-1
  • International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP)
  • irreversible
  • lensectomy
  • lipoprotein-related receptor-related protein 5
  • Müller cells
  • neovascularization
  • Norrie disease protein
  • obliterative ROP
  • omega-3 lipids
  • optic nerve
  • oxygen supplementation
  • physiologic hypoxia
  • plus disease
  • polymorphisms
  • preeclampsia
  • premature
  • pulmonary hemorrhage
  • pupillary dilation
  • retina
  • retinal clock hours
  • retinal detachment
  • retinal vascular tufts
  • retinal zones
  • retrolental fibroplasia
  • scleral depression
  • STOP-ROP
  • SUPPORT study
  • vascular endothelial growth factor
  • vascularized retina
  • vasculogenesis
  • vasoproliferation
  • vasoproliferative ROP
  • vitamin E supplementation
  • vitrectomy
  • wide-angle retinal photography
  • Wnt pathway
  • β‐adrenoreceptors

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Medicine

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