Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimer composed of HIF-1? and HIF-1? subunits that is present in all metazoan species. The expression and activity of the HIF-1? subunit are highly regulated, most notably by O2-dependent hydroxylation events involving prolyl and asparaginyl residues. HIF-1 binds to hypoxia response elements and activates the transcription of target genes. Over 200 HIF-1 target genes encoding proteins have been identified; among these are genes encoding transcription factors (including both sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins and chromatin-modifying proteins), which lead to secondary transcriptional regulatory cascades. Genes encoding microRNAs are also regulated by HIF-1, leading to indirect effects on messenger RNA stability and protein translation. HIF-1? has also been shown to interact with several other transcription factors and function as a coactivator or corepressor. HIF-1 mediates adaptive responses to hypoxia that are systemic, such as increased erythropoiesis, as well as responses that are cell autonomous, such as regulation of the balance between glycolytic and oxidative metabolism.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry |
Subtitle of host publication | Second Edition |
Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
Pages | 67-71 |
Number of pages | 5 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780123786319 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780123786302 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Feb 15 2013 |
Keywords
- Autophagy
- Erythropoiesis
- Metabolism
- Mitochondria
- Oxygen
- Prolyl hydroxylation
- Reactive oxygen species
- Respiration
- Transcription
- Ubiquitination
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology