Regenerative Medicine for Axial and Radicular Spine-Related Pain: A Narrative Review

Mehul J. Desai, John Taylor Mansfield, David M. Robinson, Benjamin C. Miller, Joanne Borg-Stein

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction: Regenerative injection-based therapy has established itself as a therapeutic option for the management of a variety of painful musculoskeletal conditions. The aim of this work was to review the current literature regarding regenerative injection therapy for axial/radicular spine pain. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on the use of regenerative medicine for axial/radicular spine pain. Eligible articles analyzed the therapeutic injection effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), prolotherapy, or mesenchymal signaling cells (MSCs) via intradiscal, facet joint, epidural, or sacroiliac joint delivery. Results: Regarding intradiscal PRP, there are level I/IV studies supporting its use. Regarding intradiscal prolotherapy, there are level III to IV studies supporting its use. Regarding intradiscal MSCs, there are level I/IV studies supporting its use with the exception of one level IV study that found no significant improvement at 12 months. Regarding facet joint injections with PRP, there are level I/IV studies supporting its use. Regarding facet joint injections with prolotherapy, there are level IV studies supporting its use, though the one level I study did not demonstrate any statistical significance supporting its use. Regarding epidural injections with PRP, there are level I/IV studies supporting its use. Regarding epidural injections with prolotherapy, there are level IV studies supporting its use, though the one level I study did not demonstrate statistical significance beyond 48 hours. Regarding sacroiliac joint injections with PRP, there are level I/IV studies supporting its use. Regarding sacroiliac joint injections with prolotherapy, there are level I/III studies supporting its use. Conclusions: Currently, there are level I studies to support the use of PRP and MSC injections for discogenic pain; facet joint injections with PRP; epidural injections of autologous conditioned serum and epidural prolotherapy; and PRP and prolotherapy for sacroiliac joint pain. One level I study showed that facet joint prolotherapy has no significant benefit. Notably, no intervention has multiple published level I studies.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)437-453
Number of pages17
JournalPain Practice
Volume20
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 1 2020
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • back pain
  • medicinal signaling cells
  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • orthobiologics
  • platelet-rich plasma
  • prolotherapy
  • radicular pain
  • regenerative medicine

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

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