Quantitation of hemoglobins within individual red cells: Asynchronous biosynthesis of fetal and adult hemoglobin during erythroid maturation in normal subjects

We outline a method for estimating either HbF or HbA content in single erythrocytes and their precursors. Our method depends on microphotometric assay of darkfield reflectance arising from individual pericellular immunoprecipitates developed with anti-HbF or anti-HbA. When uniform-diameter latex microspheres were used to normalize comparisons between preparations, mean coefficient of variation for HbF reflectance among separate preparations of the same sample was <3%. Reflectance is a faithful (r = 0.99) linear function of the logarithm of picograms per cell samples with known HbF or HbA content. The following features emerged from such analyses. First, despite the use of antigenically-specific antihemoglobins from different sources, the least detectable quantity of HbF (3.2 pg) and HbA (14.8 pg) remained invariant. Second, these detection thresholds depend on antihemoglobin affinity constants but are little influenced by antibody concentration. Third, our procedure is equally valid for persons with normal HbF content (mean ± SD = 4.4 ± 0.3 pg per cell, 15 subjects) and for those with much higher levels. Fourth, like the percentage of HbF-bearing cells, HbF content is usually unchanging in serial samples. Fifth, the utility of the method is evidenced in bone marrow analyses of five hematologically normal persons in whom HbF content, unlike HbA content, remained constant throughout maturation from erythroblasts to erythrocytes. In vivo HbF biosynthesis is thus normally completed long before HbA production.