TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantifying HIV transmission flow between high-prevalence hotspots and surrounding communities
T2 - a population-based study in Rakai, Uganda
AU - Rakai Health Sciences Program and the Pangea HIV Consortium
AU - Ratmann, Oliver
AU - Kagaayi, Joseph
AU - Hall, Matthew
AU - Golubchick, Tanya
AU - Kigozi, Godfrey
AU - Xi, Xiaoyue
AU - Wymant, Chris
AU - Nakigozi, Gertrude
AU - Abeler-Dörner, Lucie
AU - Bonsall, David
AU - Gall, Astrid
AU - Hoppe, Anne
AU - Kellam, Paul
AU - Bazaale, Jeremiah
AU - Kalibbala, Sarah
AU - Laeyendecker, Oliver
AU - Lessler, Justin
AU - Nalugoda, Fred
AU - Chang, Larry W.
AU - de Oliveira, Tulio
AU - Pillay, Deenan
AU - Quinn, Thomas C.
AU - Reynolds, Steven J.
AU - Spencer, Simon E.F.
AU - Ssekubugu, Robert
AU - Serwadda, David
AU - Wawer, Maria J.
AU - Gray, Ronald H.
AU - Fraser, Christophe
AU - Grabowski, M. Kate
AU - Ayles, Helen
AU - Bowden, Rory
AU - Calvez, Vincent
AU - Cohen, Myron
AU - Dennis, Anne
AU - Essex, Max
AU - Fidler, Sarah
AU - Frampton, Dan
AU - Hayes, Richard
AU - Herbeck, Josh
AU - Kaleebu, Pontiano
AU - Kityo, Cissy
AU - Lingappa, Jairam
AU - Novitsky, Vladimir
AU - Paton, Nick
AU - Rambaut, Andrew
AU - Seeley, Janet
AU - Redd, Andrew D.
AU - Kennedy, Caitlin E.
AU - Tobian, Aaron
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
PY - 2020/3
Y1 - 2020/3
N2 - Background: International and global organisations advocate targeting interventions to areas of high HIV prevalence (ie, hotspots). To better understand the potential benefits of geo-targeted control, we assessed the extent to which HIV hotspots along Lake Victoria sustain transmission in neighbouring populations in south-central Uganda. Methods: We did a population-based survey in Rakai, Uganda, using data from the Rakai Community Cohort Study. The study surveyed all individuals aged 15–49 years in four high-prevalence Lake Victoria fishing communities and 36 neighbouring inland communities. Viral RNA was deep sequenced from participants infected with HIV who were antiretroviral therapy-naive during the observation period. Phylogenetic analysis was used to infer partial HIV transmission networks, including direction of transmission. Reconstructed networks were interpreted through data for current residence and migration history. HIV transmission flows within and between high-prevalence and low-prevalence areas were quantified adjusting for incomplete sampling of the population. Findings: Between Aug 10, 2011, and Jan 30, 2015, data were collected for the Rakai Community Cohort Study. 25 882 individuals participated, including an estimated 75·7% of the lakeside population and 16·2% of the inland population in the Rakai region of Uganda. 5142 participants were HIV-positive (2703 [13·7%] in inland and 2439 [40·1%] in fishing communities). 3878 (75·4%) people who were HIV-positive did not report antiretroviral therapy use, of whom 2652 (68·4%) had virus deep-sequenced at sufficient quality for phylogenetic analysis. 446 transmission networks were reconstructed, including 293 linked pairs with inferred direction of transmission. Adjusting for incomplete sampling, an estimated 5·7% (95% credibility interval 4·4–7·3) of transmissions occurred within lakeside areas, 89·2% (86·0–91·8) within inland areas, 1·3% (0·6–2·6) from lakeside to inland areas, and 3·7% (2·3–5·8) from inland to lakeside areas. Interpretation: Cross-community HIV transmissions between Lake Victoria hotspots and surrounding inland populations are infrequent and when they occur, virus more commonly flows into rather than out of hotspots. This result suggests that targeted interventions to these hotspots will not alone control the epidemic in inland populations, where most transmissions occur. Thus, geographical targeting of high prevalence areas might not be effective for broader epidemic control depending on underlying epidemic dynamics. Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Child Health and Development, the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the World Bank, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research, and the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
AB - Background: International and global organisations advocate targeting interventions to areas of high HIV prevalence (ie, hotspots). To better understand the potential benefits of geo-targeted control, we assessed the extent to which HIV hotspots along Lake Victoria sustain transmission in neighbouring populations in south-central Uganda. Methods: We did a population-based survey in Rakai, Uganda, using data from the Rakai Community Cohort Study. The study surveyed all individuals aged 15–49 years in four high-prevalence Lake Victoria fishing communities and 36 neighbouring inland communities. Viral RNA was deep sequenced from participants infected with HIV who were antiretroviral therapy-naive during the observation period. Phylogenetic analysis was used to infer partial HIV transmission networks, including direction of transmission. Reconstructed networks were interpreted through data for current residence and migration history. HIV transmission flows within and between high-prevalence and low-prevalence areas were quantified adjusting for incomplete sampling of the population. Findings: Between Aug 10, 2011, and Jan 30, 2015, data were collected for the Rakai Community Cohort Study. 25 882 individuals participated, including an estimated 75·7% of the lakeside population and 16·2% of the inland population in the Rakai region of Uganda. 5142 participants were HIV-positive (2703 [13·7%] in inland and 2439 [40·1%] in fishing communities). 3878 (75·4%) people who were HIV-positive did not report antiretroviral therapy use, of whom 2652 (68·4%) had virus deep-sequenced at sufficient quality for phylogenetic analysis. 446 transmission networks were reconstructed, including 293 linked pairs with inferred direction of transmission. Adjusting for incomplete sampling, an estimated 5·7% (95% credibility interval 4·4–7·3) of transmissions occurred within lakeside areas, 89·2% (86·0–91·8) within inland areas, 1·3% (0·6–2·6) from lakeside to inland areas, and 3·7% (2·3–5·8) from inland to lakeside areas. Interpretation: Cross-community HIV transmissions between Lake Victoria hotspots and surrounding inland populations are infrequent and when they occur, virus more commonly flows into rather than out of hotspots. This result suggests that targeted interventions to these hotspots will not alone control the epidemic in inland populations, where most transmissions occur. Thus, geographical targeting of high prevalence areas might not be effective for broader epidemic control depending on underlying epidemic dynamics. Funding: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute of Child Health and Development, the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the World Bank, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research, and the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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U2 - 10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30378-9
DO - 10.1016/S2352-3018(19)30378-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 31953184
AN - SCOPUS:85079763521
SN - 2352-3018
VL - 7
SP - e173-e183
JO - The Lancet HIV
JF - The Lancet HIV
IS - 3
ER -