TY - JOUR
T1 - Quadriceps strength, quadriceps power, and gait speed in older U.S. adults with diabetes mellitus
T2 - Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002
AU - Kalyani, Rita Rastogi
AU - Tra, Yolande
AU - Yeh, Hsin Chieh
AU - Egan, Josephine M.
AU - Ferrucci, Luigi
AU - Brancati, Frederick L.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Objectives To examine the independent association between diabetes mellitus (and its duration and severity) and quadriceps strength, quadriceps power, and gait speed in a national population of older adults. Design Cross-sectional nationally representative survey. Setting United States. Participants Two thousand five hundred seventy-three adults aged 50 and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 who had assessment of quadriceps strength. Methods Diabetes mellitus was ascertained according to questionnaire. Measurement of isokinetic knee extensor (quadriceps) strength was performed at 60°/s. Gait speed was assessed using a 20-foot walk test. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between diabetes mellitus status and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders or mediators. Results Older U.S. adults with diabetes mellitus had significantly slower gait speed (0.96 ± 0.02 m/s) than those without (1.08 ± 0.01 m/s; P <.001). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, weight, and height, diabetes mellitus was also associated with significantly lower quadriceps strength (-4.6 ± 1.9 Nm; P =.02) and power (-4.9 ± 2.0 W; P =.02) and slower gait speed (-0.05 ± 0.02 m/s; P =.002). Associations remained significant after adjusting for physical activity and C-reactive protein. After accounting for comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, amputation, cancer, arthritis, fracture, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diabetes mellitus was independently associated only with gait speed (-0.04 ± 0.02 m/s; P =.02). Diabetes mellitus duration in men and women was negatively associated with age-adjusted quadriceps strength (-5.7 and -3.5 Nm/decade of diabetes mellitus, respectively) and power (-6.1 and -3.8 W/decade of diabetes mellitus, respectively) (all P ≤.001, no significant interactions according to sex). Glycosylated hemoglobin was not associated with outcomes after accounting for body weight. Conclusion Older U.S. adults with diabetes mellitus have lower quadriceps strength and quadriceps power that is related to the presence of comorbidities and walk slower than those without diabetes mellitus. Future studies should investigate the relationship between hyperglycemia and subsequent declines in leg muscle function.
AB - Objectives To examine the independent association between diabetes mellitus (and its duration and severity) and quadriceps strength, quadriceps power, and gait speed in a national population of older adults. Design Cross-sectional nationally representative survey. Setting United States. Participants Two thousand five hundred seventy-three adults aged 50 and older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 who had assessment of quadriceps strength. Methods Diabetes mellitus was ascertained according to questionnaire. Measurement of isokinetic knee extensor (quadriceps) strength was performed at 60°/s. Gait speed was assessed using a 20-foot walk test. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between diabetes mellitus status and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders or mediators. Results Older U.S. adults with diabetes mellitus had significantly slower gait speed (0.96 ± 0.02 m/s) than those without (1.08 ± 0.01 m/s; P <.001). After adjusting for demographic characteristics, weight, and height, diabetes mellitus was also associated with significantly lower quadriceps strength (-4.6 ± 1.9 Nm; P =.02) and power (-4.9 ± 2.0 W; P =.02) and slower gait speed (-0.05 ± 0.02 m/s; P =.002). Associations remained significant after adjusting for physical activity and C-reactive protein. After accounting for comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, amputation, cancer, arthritis, fracture, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diabetes mellitus was independently associated only with gait speed (-0.04 ± 0.02 m/s; P =.02). Diabetes mellitus duration in men and women was negatively associated with age-adjusted quadriceps strength (-5.7 and -3.5 Nm/decade of diabetes mellitus, respectively) and power (-6.1 and -3.8 W/decade of diabetes mellitus, respectively) (all P ≤.001, no significant interactions according to sex). Glycosylated hemoglobin was not associated with outcomes after accounting for body weight. Conclusion Older U.S. adults with diabetes mellitus have lower quadriceps strength and quadriceps power that is related to the presence of comorbidities and walk slower than those without diabetes mellitus. Future studies should investigate the relationship between hyperglycemia and subsequent declines in leg muscle function.
KW - gait
KW - muscle loss
KW - physical function
KW - type 2 diabetes mellitus
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U2 - 10.1111/jgs.12204
DO - 10.1111/jgs.12204
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23617584
AN - SCOPUS:84877973637
SN - 0002-8614
VL - 61
SP - 769
EP - 775
JO - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
JF - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
IS - 5
ER -