TY - JOUR
T1 - Proliferative and nonproliferative lesions of the rat and mouse mammary, Zymbal's, preputial, and clitoral glands.
AU - Rudmann, Daniel
AU - Cardiff, Robert
AU - Chouinard, Luc
AU - Goodman, Dawn
AU - Küttler, Karin
AU - Marxfeld, Heike
AU - Molinolo, Alfredo
AU - Treumann, Silke
AU - Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko
AU - INHAND Mammary, Zymbal's, Preputial,, Mammary, Zymbal's, Preputial,
PY - 2012/8
Y1 - 2012/8
N2 - The mammary gland of laboratory rodents is an important organ for the evaluation of effects of xenobiotics, especially those that perturb hormonal homeostasis or are potentially carcinogenic. Mammary gland cancer is a leading cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide and is a subject of major research efforts utilizing rodent models. Zymbal's, preputial, and clitoral glands are standard tissues that are evaluated in animal models that enable human risk assessment of xenobiotics. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for mammary, Zymbal's, preputial, and clitoral gland lesions in laboratory animals will improve diagnostic alignment among regulatory and scientific research organizations and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
AB - The mammary gland of laboratory rodents is an important organ for the evaluation of effects of xenobiotics, especially those that perturb hormonal homeostasis or are potentially carcinogenic. Mammary gland cancer is a leading cause of human mortality and morbidity worldwide and is a subject of major research efforts utilizing rodent models. Zymbal's, preputial, and clitoral glands are standard tissues that are evaluated in animal models that enable human risk assessment of xenobiotics. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for mammary, Zymbal's, preputial, and clitoral gland lesions in laboratory animals will improve diagnostic alignment among regulatory and scientific research organizations and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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U2 - 10.1177/0192623312454242
DO - 10.1177/0192623312454242
M3 - Article
C2 - 22949413
AN - SCOPUS:84872035480
SN - 0192-6233
VL - 40
SP - 7S-39S
JO - Toxicologic pathology
JF - Toxicologic pathology
IS - 6 Suppl
ER -