TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of kidney disease in anaemia differs by GFR-estimating method
T2 - The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-94)
AU - Estrella, Michelle M.
AU - Astor, Brad C.
AU - Köttgen, Anna
AU - Selvin, Elizabeth
AU - Coresh, Josef
AU - Parekh, Rulan S.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements. This work was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease (grant number 1K23DK081317-01A1 to M.M.E.; UO1 DK 053869, UO1 DK 067651, UO1 DK 35073 and R01DK07677001 to B.C.A.; K01DK076595 to E.S.; U01DK057304 and 1R01DK072367 to R.S.P.) and the German Research Foundation Fellowship (to A.K.).
PY - 2010/8
Y1 - 2010/8
N2 - Background. Anaemia worsens as kidney function declines. Both conditions are associated with increased mortality. Serum cystatin C is purportedly a more sensitive marker of kidney disease and a better predictor of mortality than serum creatinine. However, studies suggest that extrarenal factors also influence cystatin C levels.Methods. We determined whether estimates of glomerular filtration rate [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)] based on serum cystatin C alone or in combination with serum creatinine were superior to those based on serum creatinine in recognizing impaired kidney function in the setting of anaemia in a sub-sample of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the USA consisting of 6734 participants, 20 years or older.Results. The prevalence of moderate to severe kidney disease (eGFR 15-59mL/min/1.73m2) among anaemic persons was 15-16% when based on serum creatinine alone (eGFRSCR) or combined with cystatin C (eGFRSCR + CYSC); this estimate increased to nearly 25% when kidney function was estimated by cystatin C (eGFRCYSC). The adjusted odds ratios of kidney disease in anaemic versus non-anaemic persons were slightly higher with eGFRCYSC than eGFRSCR and eGFRSCR + CYSC in younger adults [odds ratio (OR) = 5.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.23, 12.17], women (OR = 5.34, 95% CI: 2.36, 12.06) and those with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 7.36, 95% CI: 1.98-27.36). Conclusions. Impaired kidney function was common in individuals with anaemia. Among anaemic individuals, the prevalence estimate for kidney disease was notably higher when kidney function was estimated by cystatin C alone compared with the estimations by serum creatinine alone or in combination with serum cystatin C. eGFRCYSC may be particularly helpful in identifying kidney disease in the setting of anaemia among younger persons, women and those with elevated CRP. Regardless of which renal biomarker is used, our study suggests that an evaluation for underlying kidney disease should be considered in the standard workup of anaemia.
AB - Background. Anaemia worsens as kidney function declines. Both conditions are associated with increased mortality. Serum cystatin C is purportedly a more sensitive marker of kidney disease and a better predictor of mortality than serum creatinine. However, studies suggest that extrarenal factors also influence cystatin C levels.Methods. We determined whether estimates of glomerular filtration rate [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)] based on serum cystatin C alone or in combination with serum creatinine were superior to those based on serum creatinine in recognizing impaired kidney function in the setting of anaemia in a sub-sample of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of the USA consisting of 6734 participants, 20 years or older.Results. The prevalence of moderate to severe kidney disease (eGFR 15-59mL/min/1.73m2) among anaemic persons was 15-16% when based on serum creatinine alone (eGFRSCR) or combined with cystatin C (eGFRSCR + CYSC); this estimate increased to nearly 25% when kidney function was estimated by cystatin C (eGFRCYSC). The adjusted odds ratios of kidney disease in anaemic versus non-anaemic persons were slightly higher with eGFRCYSC than eGFRSCR and eGFRSCR + CYSC in younger adults [odds ratio (OR) = 5.22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.23, 12.17], women (OR = 5.34, 95% CI: 2.36, 12.06) and those with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (OR = 7.36, 95% CI: 1.98-27.36). Conclusions. Impaired kidney function was common in individuals with anaemia. Among anaemic individuals, the prevalence estimate for kidney disease was notably higher when kidney function was estimated by cystatin C alone compared with the estimations by serum creatinine alone or in combination with serum cystatin C. eGFRCYSC may be particularly helpful in identifying kidney disease in the setting of anaemia among younger persons, women and those with elevated CRP. Regardless of which renal biomarker is used, our study suggests that an evaluation for underlying kidney disease should be considered in the standard workup of anaemia.
KW - anaemia
KW - chronic kidney failure
KW - creatinine
KW - cystatin C
KW - glomerular filtration rate
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U2 - 10.1093/ndt/gfq040
DO - 10.1093/ndt/gfq040
M3 - Article
C2 - 20176612
AN - SCOPUS:77954808777
SN - 0931-0509
VL - 25
SP - 2542
EP - 2548
JO - Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
JF - Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
IS - 8
ER -