TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Trachoma in Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia
T2 - Results of 79 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys Conducted with the Global Trachoma Mapping Project
AU - for the Global Trachoma Mapping Project
AU - Bero, Berhanu
AU - Macleod, Colin
AU - Alemayehu, Wondu
AU - Gadisa, Solomon
AU - Abajobir, Ahmed
AU - Adamu, Yilikal
AU - Alemu, Menbere
AU - Adamu, Liknaw
AU - Dejene, Michael
AU - Mekasha, Addis
AU - Habtamu Jemal, Zelalem
AU - Yadeta, Damtew
AU - Shafi, Oumer
AU - Kiflu, Genet
AU - Willis, Rebecca
AU - Flueckiger, Rebecca M.
AU - Chu, Brian K.
AU - Pavluck, Alexandre L.
AU - Solomon, Anthony W.
AU - Aboe, Agatha
AU - Alexander, Neal D.E.
AU - Brooker, Simon J.
AU - Bush, Simon
AU - Courtright, Paul
AU - Emerson, Paul M.
AU - Foster, Allen
AU - Gass, Katherine
AU - Gebre, Teshome
AU - Habtamu, Zelalem
AU - Haddad, Danny
AU - Harvey, Erik
AU - Haslam, Dominic
AU - Kalua, Khumbo
AU - Kello, Amir B.
AU - King, Jonathan D.
AU - Mesurier, Richard L.
AU - Lewallen, Susan
AU - Lietman, Thomas M.
AU - MacArthur, Chad
AU - Mariotti, Silvio P.
AU - Massey, Anna
AU - Mathieu, Els
AU - McCullagh, Siobhain
AU - Millar, Tom
AU - Mpyet, Caleb
AU - Muñoz, Beatriz
AU - Ngondi, Jeremiah
AU - Ogden, Stephanie
AU - Pavluck, Alex
AU - West, Sheila K.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Authors. Published with license by Taylor & Francis.
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Purpose: To complete the baseline trachoma map in Oromia, Ethiopia, by determining prevalences of trichiasis and trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) at evaluation unit (EU) level, covering all districts (woredas) without current prevalence data or active control programs, and to identify factors associated with disease. Methods: Using standardized methodologies and training developed for the Global Trachoma Mapping Project, we conducted cross-sectional community-based surveys from December 2012 to July 2014. Results: Teams visited 46,244 households in 2037 clusters from 252 woredas (79 EUs). A total of 127,357 individuals were examined. The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of trichiasis in adults was 0.82% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.70–0.94%), with 72 EUs covering 240 woredas having trichiasis prevalences above the elimination threshold of 0.2% in those aged ≥15 years. The overall age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds was 23.4%, with 56 EUs covering 218 woredas shown to need implementation of the A, F and E components of the SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement) for 3 years before impact surveys. Younger age, female sex, increased time to the main source of water for face-washing, household use of open defecation, low mean precipitation, low mean annual temperature, and lower altitude, were independently associated with TF in children. The 232 woredas in 64 EUs in which TF prevalence was ≥5% require implementation of the F and E components of the SAFE strategy. Conclusion: Both active trachoma and trichiasis are highly prevalent in much of Oromia, constituting a significant public health problem for the region.
AB - Purpose: To complete the baseline trachoma map in Oromia, Ethiopia, by determining prevalences of trichiasis and trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) at evaluation unit (EU) level, covering all districts (woredas) without current prevalence data or active control programs, and to identify factors associated with disease. Methods: Using standardized methodologies and training developed for the Global Trachoma Mapping Project, we conducted cross-sectional community-based surveys from December 2012 to July 2014. Results: Teams visited 46,244 households in 2037 clusters from 252 woredas (79 EUs). A total of 127,357 individuals were examined. The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of trichiasis in adults was 0.82% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.70–0.94%), with 72 EUs covering 240 woredas having trichiasis prevalences above the elimination threshold of 0.2% in those aged ≥15 years. The overall age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds was 23.4%, with 56 EUs covering 218 woredas shown to need implementation of the A, F and E components of the SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement) for 3 years before impact surveys. Younger age, female sex, increased time to the main source of water for face-washing, household use of open defecation, low mean precipitation, low mean annual temperature, and lower altitude, were independently associated with TF in children. The 232 woredas in 64 EUs in which TF prevalence was ≥5% require implementation of the F and E components of the SAFE strategy. Conclusion: Both active trachoma and trichiasis are highly prevalent in much of Oromia, constituting a significant public health problem for the region.
KW - Ethiopia
KW - Global Trachoma Mapping Project
KW - Oromia
KW - prevalence
KW - risk factors
KW - trachoma
KW - trichiasis
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U2 - 10.1080/09286586.2016.1243717
DO - 10.1080/09286586.2016.1243717
M3 - Article
C2 - 27820657
AN - SCOPUS:84994645755
SN - 0928-6586
VL - 23
SP - 392
EP - 405
JO - Ophthalmic Epidemiology
JF - Ophthalmic Epidemiology
IS - 6
ER -