TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence and factors associated with depressive disorders in an HIV+ rural patient population in southern Uganda
AU - Nakimuli-Mpungu, E.
AU - Musisi, S.
AU - Katabira, E.
AU - Nachega, J.
AU - Bass, J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to acknowledge Grant Support from the International Fulbright Science and Technology Award (ENM) to Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu; The United States National Institutes for Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID-NIH), Division of AIDS (DAIDS): K23 AI 068582-01(JBN), and The European Developing Countries Clinical Trial Partnership (EDCTP) Senior Fellowship Award: TA-08-40200-021(JN).
PY - 2011/12
Y1 - 2011/12
N2 - Background: Depressive disorders are estimated to occur in nearly half of HIV-infected individuals worldwide. Aim: To examine the prevalence and cardinal demographic, psychosocial and clinical features associated with having any depressive disorder, sub-clinical depression, current and lifetime depressive disorders among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in southern Uganda. Methods: Five hundred HIV+ individuals were screened for depression using a 20 item self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) and evaluated with the mini neuropsychiatric interview(MINI) that assessed current and lifetime depressive disorders. Results: The prevalence estimates of any depressive disorder, subclinical depression, both current and lifetime major depression, and bipolar depression were 46.4%, 17.8%, 25% and 3.6% respectively. In comparison to non-depressed patients, those with sub-clinical depression were less likely to have high levels of self-efficacy, more likely to be using ART for less than one year, have advanced HIV disease and current alcohol use disorders (AUD's). Those with both current and lifetime depressive disorders were less likely to be 85% adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART), have social support and high levels of self-efficacy, more likely to have tuberculosis and past manic episodes. Those with only lifetime depressive disorders were more likely to have current AUD's and past manic episodes. Limitations: Information concerning exposures and outcomes was collected simultaneously, thus causal relationships are difficult to establish. Conclusions: Sub-clinical depression, major depression and bipolar depression are widespread among HIV patients receiving ART. Integration of mental health services into HIV Care is desperately needed.
AB - Background: Depressive disorders are estimated to occur in nearly half of HIV-infected individuals worldwide. Aim: To examine the prevalence and cardinal demographic, psychosocial and clinical features associated with having any depressive disorder, sub-clinical depression, current and lifetime depressive disorders among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in southern Uganda. Methods: Five hundred HIV+ individuals were screened for depression using a 20 item self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) and evaluated with the mini neuropsychiatric interview(MINI) that assessed current and lifetime depressive disorders. Results: The prevalence estimates of any depressive disorder, subclinical depression, both current and lifetime major depression, and bipolar depression were 46.4%, 17.8%, 25% and 3.6% respectively. In comparison to non-depressed patients, those with sub-clinical depression were less likely to have high levels of self-efficacy, more likely to be using ART for less than one year, have advanced HIV disease and current alcohol use disorders (AUD's). Those with both current and lifetime depressive disorders were less likely to be 85% adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART), have social support and high levels of self-efficacy, more likely to have tuberculosis and past manic episodes. Those with only lifetime depressive disorders were more likely to have current AUD's and past manic episodes. Limitations: Information concerning exposures and outcomes was collected simultaneously, thus causal relationships are difficult to establish. Conclusions: Sub-clinical depression, major depression and bipolar depression are widespread among HIV patients receiving ART. Integration of mental health services into HIV Care is desperately needed.
KW - Anti-retroviral therapy
KW - Bipolar depression
KW - HIV/AIDS
KW - Major depression
KW - Sub-clinical depression
KW - Uganda
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jad.2011.07.009
DO - 10.1016/j.jad.2011.07.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 21851986
AN - SCOPUS:80055025100
SN - 0165-0327
VL - 135
SP - 160
EP - 167
JO - Journal of Affective Disorders
JF - Journal of Affective Disorders
IS - 1-3
ER -