TY - JOUR
T1 - Prenatal cytomegalovirus, rubella, and Zika virus infections associated with developmental disabilities
T2 - past, present, and future
AU - Gordon-Lipkin, Eliza
AU - Hoon, Alexander
AU - Pardo, Carlos A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Mac Keith Press
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - Prenatal infections have long been recognized as important, preventable causes of developmental disabilities. The list of pathogens that are recognized to have deleterious effects on fetal brain development continues to grow, most recently with the association between Zika virus (ZIKV) and microcephaly. To answer clinical questions in real time about the impact of a novel infection on developmental disabilities, an historical framework is key. The lessons learned from three historically important pathogens: rubella, cytomegalovirus, and ZIKV, and how these lessons are useful to approach emerging congenital infections are discussed in this review. Congenital infections are preventable causes of developmental disabilities and several public health approaches may be used to prevent prenatal infection. When they cannot be prevented, the sequelae of prenatal infection may be treatable. What this paper adds: The list of prenatal infections associated with developmental disabilities continues to increase. Lessons learned from rubella, cytomegalovirus, and Zika virus have implications for new pathogens. Severity of illness in the mother does not correlate with severity of sequelae in the infant.
AB - Prenatal infections have long been recognized as important, preventable causes of developmental disabilities. The list of pathogens that are recognized to have deleterious effects on fetal brain development continues to grow, most recently with the association between Zika virus (ZIKV) and microcephaly. To answer clinical questions in real time about the impact of a novel infection on developmental disabilities, an historical framework is key. The lessons learned from three historically important pathogens: rubella, cytomegalovirus, and ZIKV, and how these lessons are useful to approach emerging congenital infections are discussed in this review. Congenital infections are preventable causes of developmental disabilities and several public health approaches may be used to prevent prenatal infection. When they cannot be prevented, the sequelae of prenatal infection may be treatable. What this paper adds: The list of prenatal infections associated with developmental disabilities continues to increase. Lessons learned from rubella, cytomegalovirus, and Zika virus have implications for new pathogens. Severity of illness in the mother does not correlate with severity of sequelae in the infant.
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U2 - 10.1111/dmcn.14682
DO - 10.1111/dmcn.14682
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33084055
AN - SCOPUS:85092800749
SN - 0012-1622
VL - 63
SP - 135
EP - 143
JO - Developmental medicine and child neurology
JF - Developmental medicine and child neurology
IS - 2
ER -