@article{4fed10d403384acf80808727df781932,
title = "Preliminary Use of the Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs for Detecting Subtle Motor Signs in Adolescents with Sport-Related Concussion",
abstract = "Sensitive examination tools are needed to optimize evaluation after sports-related concussion. The Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs was preliminarily examined for sensitivity to motor changes in a pilot cohort of adolescents aged 13-17 yrs with sports-related concussion. A total of 15 adolescents (5 female adolescents) with sports-related concussion were evaluated up to three times: within 2 wks of injury, approximately 1 mo later (mean, 35 days between visits), and for those not recovered at the second visit, again after clinical recovery (mean, 70 days between the first and last visits for all participants). Comparison data were acquired from 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control athletes with no history of concussion who were evaluated twice (mean, 32 days apart). Main effects of group, time, and interaction effects were evaluated with an analysis of covariance, which controlled for socioeconomic status, times tested, and days between testing sessions. Adolescents with concussion had poorer Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs performance than controls did at all time points. Performance improved between visits within the concussion group, with no change within the control group. These findings suggest that the Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs merits additional study in larger cohorts and in combination with other markers of injury to facilitate an enhanced understanding of sports-related concussion and recovery.",
keywords = "Adolescent, Brain Injuries, Neurobehavioral Manifestations, Signs and Symptoms",
author = "Stephens, {Jaclyn A.} and Denckla, {Martha B.} and Teri McCambridge and Slomine, {Beth S.} and {Mark Mahone}, E. and Suskauer, {Stacy J.}",
note = "Funding Information: From the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland (JAS, MBD, BSS, EMM, SJS); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (JAS, SJS), Department of Neurology (MBD), Department of Psychiatry (MBD), Department of Pediat-rics (TM, BSS, SJS), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (BSS, EMM), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Depart-ment of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins (JAS). All correspondence should be addressed to: Stacy J. Suskauer, MD, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205. Supported by the National Institutes of Health (J.A. Stephens, 5T32HD007414; T. McCambridge and S.J. Suskauer, R21HD080378). Work was conducted while Dr Stephens was at Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins; she has since moved to Colorado State University. Previous presentations of this work have been limited to talks given by the senior author (S.J. Suskauer). Financial disclosure statements have been obtained, and no conflicts of interest have been reported by the authors or by any individuals in control of the content of this article. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal{\textquoteright}s Web site (www.ajpmr.com). Copyright {\textcopyright} 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 0894-9115 DOI: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000906 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1097/PHM.0000000000000906",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "97",
pages = "456--460",
journal = "American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation",
issn = "0894-9115",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams and Wilkins",
number = "6",
}