TY - JOUR
T1 - Predictors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seropositivity Before Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination Among Children 0-4 Years and Their Household Members in the SEARCh Study
AU - Garcia Quesada, Maria
AU - Hetrich, Marissa K.
AU - Zeger, Scott
AU - Sharma, Jayati
AU - Na, Yu Bin
AU - Veguilla, Vic
AU - Karron, Ruth A.
AU - Dawood, Fatimah S.
AU - Knoll, Maria D.
AU - Council-Dibitetto, Christine
AU - Ghasri, Tina
AU - Gormley, Amanda
AU - Gatto, Milena
AU - Herbert, Kristi
AU - Jordan, Maria
AU - Loehr, Karen
AU - Morsell, Jason
AU - Oliva, Jennifer
AU - Mateo, Jocelyn San
AU - Schappell, Elizabeth
AU - Smith, Khadija
AU - Wanionek, Kimberli
AU - Weadon, Cathleen
AU - Williams-Soro, Paula
AU - Woods, Suzanne
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with Johns Hopkins University (Grant Number 75D30120C08737).
Funding Information:
Potential conflicts of interest: CDC-affiliated authors were involved in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, report writing, and the decision to submit the paper for publication. M. D. K. reports research grants from the World Health Organization, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, the Asian Development Bank, and Pfizer (all paid to the institution) and consultancy fees from Merck. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America.
PY - 2022/10/1
Y1 - 2022/10/1
N2 - Background: Estimates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence in young children and risk factors for seropositivity are scarce. Using data from a prospective cohort study of households during the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine period, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by age and evaluated risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology and Response in Children (SEARCh) study enrolled 175 Maryland households (690 participants) with ≥1 child aged 0-4 years during November 2020-March 2021; individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 were ineligible. At enrollment, participants completed questionnaires about sociodemographic and health status and work, school, and daycare attendance. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for correlation within households assessed predictors of individual- and household-level SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Results: Of 681 (98.7%) participants with enrollment serology results, 55 (8.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3%-10.4%) participants from 21 (12.0%) households were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. Among seropositive participants, fewer children than adults reported being tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection before enrollment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23; 95% CI,. 06-.73). Seropositivity was similar by age (GEE OR vs 0-4 years: 1.19 for 5-17 years, 1.36 for adults; P =. 16) and was significantly higher among adults working outside the home (GEE adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4) but not among children attending daycare or school. Conclusions: Before study enrollment, children and adults in this cohort had similar rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection as measured by serology. An adult household member working outside the home increased a household's odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas a child attending daycare or school in person did not.
AB - Background: Estimates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seroprevalence in young children and risk factors for seropositivity are scarce. Using data from a prospective cohort study of households during the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine period, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence by age and evaluated risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Methods: The SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology and Response in Children (SEARCh) study enrolled 175 Maryland households (690 participants) with ≥1 child aged 0-4 years during November 2020-March 2021; individuals vaccinated against COVID-19 were ineligible. At enrollment, participants completed questionnaires about sociodemographic and health status and work, school, and daycare attendance. Participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in sera. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for correlation within households assessed predictors of individual- and household-level SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Results: Of 681 (98.7%) participants with enrollment serology results, 55 (8.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3%-10.4%) participants from 21 (12.0%) households were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. Among seropositive participants, fewer children than adults reported being tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection before enrollment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23; 95% CI,. 06-.73). Seropositivity was similar by age (GEE OR vs 0-4 years: 1.19 for 5-17 years, 1.36 for adults; P =. 16) and was significantly higher among adults working outside the home (GEE adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.4) but not among children attending daycare or school. Conclusions: Before study enrollment, children and adults in this cohort had similar rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection as measured by serology. An adult household member working outside the home increased a household's odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas a child attending daycare or school in person did not.
KW - COVID-19
KW - children
KW - household transmission
KW - risk factors
KW - seroprevalence
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U2 - 10.1093/ofid/ofac507
DO - 10.1093/ofid/ofac507
M3 - Article
C2 - 36324323
AN - SCOPUS:85145060797
SN - 2328-8957
VL - 9
JO - Open Forum Infectious Diseases
JF - Open Forum Infectious Diseases
IS - 10
M1 - ofac507
ER -