@article{fe1d75cbf30f4896afed5da02ef64465,
title = "Population genetics of fruit bat reservoir informs the dynamics, distribution and diversity of Nipah virus",
abstract = "The structure and connectivity of wildlife host populations may influence zoonotic disease dynamics, evolution and therefore spillover risk to people. Fruit bats in the genus Pteropus, or flying foxes, are the primary natural reservoir for henipaviruses—a group of emerging paramyxoviruses that threaten livestock and public health. In Bangladesh, Pteropus medius is the reservoir for Nipah virus—and viral spillover has led to human fatalities nearly every year since 2001. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite markers to measure the population structure, demographic history and phylogeography of P. medius in Bangladesh. We combine this with a phylogeographic analysis of all known Nipah virus sequences and strains currently available to better inform the dynamics, distribution and evolutionary history of Nipah virus. We show that P. medius is primarily panmictic, but combined analysis of microsatellite and morphological data shows evidence for differentiation of two populations in eastern Bangladesh, corresponding to a divergent strain of Nipah virus also found in bats from eastern Bangladesh. Our demographic analyses indicate that a large, expanding population of flying foxes has existed in Bangladesh since the Late Pleistocene, coinciding with human population expansion in South Asia, suggesting repeated historical spillover of Nipah virus likely occurred. We present the first evidence of mitochondrial introgression, or hybridization, between P. medius and flying fox species found in South-East Asia (P. vampyrus and P. hypomelanus), which may help to explain the distribution of Nipah virus strains across the region.",
keywords = "Chiroptera, Pteropus giganteus, dispersal, emerging infectious disease, phylogeography, population genetic structure, zoonoses",
author = "Olival, {Kevin J.} and Alice Latinne and Ariful Islam and Epstein, {Jonathan H.} and Rebecca Hersch and Engstrand, {Rachel C.} and Gurley, {Emily S.} and George Amato and Luby, {Stephen P.} and Peter Daszak",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Ausraful Islam, Salah Uddin Khan, Najmul Haidar, Jahangir Hossain, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Md. Golam Yasin, Abdul Hai, Pitu Biswas and Gafur Sheikh for their contributions to this field investigations in this study. We thank Dr. Tapan Kumar Dey from the Bangladesh Forest Department and the Ministry of Environment and Forest for permission to conduct this study. We are also grateful to icddr,b and its core donors, the Governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden and the UK, for providing core support to icddr,b. This research was supported by an NSF/NIH Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases award 2R01-TW005869 (Daszak, PI): {"}The Ecology Emergence and Pandemic Potential of Nipah virus in Bangladesh{"} and ARRA award 3R01TW005869-06S1 from NIH's Fogarty International Center. This work was additionally made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT program. Funding Information: We thank Ausraful Islam, Salah Uddin Khan, Najmul Haidar, Jahangir Hossain, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Md. Golam Yasin, Abdul Hai, Pitu Biswas and Gafur Sheikh for their contributions to this field investigations in this study. We thank Dr. Tapan Kumar Dey from the Bangladesh Forest Department and the Ministry of Environment and Forest for permission to conduct this study. We are also grateful to icddr,b and its core donors, the Governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden and the UK, for providing core support to icddr,b. This research was supported by an NSF/NIH Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases award 2R01‐TW005869 (Daszak, PI): {"}The Ecology Emergence and Pandemic Potential of Nipah virus in Bangladesh{"} and ARRA award 3R01TW005869‐06S1 from NIH's Fogarty International Center. This work was additionally made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT program. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1111/mec.15288",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "29",
pages = "970--985",
journal = "Molecular Ecology",
issn = "0962-1083",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "5",
}