Plasticity of the cough reflex

Coughing serves to clear the airways of inhaled particulate matter, aspirate and other noxious stimuli, and is therefore necessary for the maintenance of normal airway function. The cough reflex, however, can become excessive and inappropriate during exacerbations of many airways diseases. This plasticity of the cough reflex is due to changes in the sensitivity of the neural pathways regulating cough. Understanding the mechanisms leading to heightened cough sensitivity is essential for the successful treatment of cough disorders. The aim of this review is to discuss potential mechanisms underlying cough plasticity during disease.