TY - JOUR
T1 - Pharmacotherapy of the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS) Children Growing Up
AU - Vitiello, Benedetto
AU - Lazzaretto, Deborah
AU - Yershova, Kseniya
AU - Abikoff, Howard
AU - Paykina, Natalya
AU - McCracken, James T.
AU - McGough, James J.
AU - Kollins, Scott H.
AU - Greenhill, Laurence L.
AU - Wigal, Sharon
AU - Wigal, Tim
AU - Riddle, Mark A.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by a cooperative agreement between NIMH and the following institutions: Duke University Medical Center (U01MH60848), Johns Hopkins University (U01 MH60642), New York University Child Study Center (U01 MH60943), NYSPI/Columbia University (U01 MH60903), University of California, Irvine (U01 MH60833), and University of California, Los Angeles (U01 MH60900).
Funding Information:
Disclosure: Dr. Vitiello has received salary support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), income from private practice, and consultant fees from the American Physician Institute for Advanced Professional Studies. Dr. Abikoff has received an NIMH research grant and royalties from Multi-Health Systems, School Specialty/Premier, Inc., and Guilford Press. Dr. McCracken has received NIMH research grant and contract funds, consultant income from Roche, research contract support from Seaside Pharmaceuticals and Roche, speaker honoraria from the Tourette Syndrome Association, and study drug and placebo from Shire. Dr. McGough has received grant or research support from NIH, NeuroSigma, Inc., Purdue Pharma LP, and Shire Pharmaceuticals. He has served as a consultant to Akili Interactive Labs, Merck, Neurovance, and Sunovion. He has presented expert testimony for Shire Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Kollins has received research support and/or consulting fees from the following sources: Akili Interactive, Alcobra Pharmaceuticals, Atentiv, lronshore Pharmaceuticals, Arbor Pharmaceuticals, NEOS Pharmaceuticals, Purdue Canada, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Tris Pharma, the National Institutes of Health (NIDA, NIEHS), the Center for Scientific Review, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Dr. Greenhill has received honoraria or consultation fees from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the REACH Institute, the Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation, and the Health Information Technology Laboratory, and has been on the scientific advisory board of Quotient I Pearson NCS Systems. Dr. S. Wigal is co-owner of Avida, Inc., and has served as a consultant/on the speaker or advisory boards for and/or has received grant/research support from Forest, lronshore, NextWave Pharmaceuticals, Noven, NuTec, Pfizer, Purdue Pharma, Rho, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals, LLP, Shire, Sunovion, and Tris Pharma. Dr. T. Wigal is co-owner of Avida, Inc., and has served as a consultant/on the speaker or advisory boards for and/or has received grant/research support from Forest, lronshore, NextWave Pharmaceuticals, Noven, NuTec, Pfizer, Purdue Pharma, Rho, Rhodes Pharmaceuticals, LLP, Shire, Sunovion, Tris Pharma Reviews, and the Environmental Protection Agency. Dr. Riddle has received research support from NIMH, medication from Bristol Myers Squibb for an NIMH-sponsored research study, and honoraria from the REACH Institute. Ms. Lazzaretto has received professional contract funds from NIMH. Dr. Yershova and Ms. Paykina report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
PY - 2015/7/1
Y1 - 2015/7/1
N2 - Objective To describe the long-term psychopharmacological treatment of children first diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as preschoolers. Method In a systematic, prospective, naturalistic follow-up, 206 (68.0%) of the 303 children who participated in the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS) were reassessed 3 years (mean age 7.4 years) and 179 (59.1%) were reassessed 6 years (mean age 10.4 years) after completion of the controlled study. Pharmacotherapy and clinical data were obtained from the parents. Pharmacotherapy was defined as use of a specific class of medication for at least 50% of the days in the previous 6 months. Results At year 3, a total of 34.0% of the participants were on no pharmacotherapy, 41.3% were on stimulant monotherapy, 9.2% were on atomoxetine alone or with a stimulant, 8.3% were on an antipsychotic usually together with a stimulant, and the remaining 7.2% were on other pharmacotherapy; overall, 65.0% were on an indicated ADHD medication. At year 6, a total of 26.8% of the participants were on no pharmacotherapy, 40.2% were on stimulant monotherapy, 4.5% were on atomoxetine alone or with a stimulant, 13.4% were on an antipsychotic, and 15.1% were on other pharmacotherapy; overall, 70.9% were on an indicated ADHD medication. Antipsychotic treatment was associated with more comorbidity, in particular disruptive behavior disorders and pervasive development disorders, and a lower level of functioning. Conclusion In this study, the long-term pharmacotherapy of preschoolers with ADHD was heterogeneous. Although stimulant medication continued to be used by most children, about 1 child in 4 was off medication, and about 1 in 10 was on an antipsychotic.
AB - Objective To describe the long-term psychopharmacological treatment of children first diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as preschoolers. Method In a systematic, prospective, naturalistic follow-up, 206 (68.0%) of the 303 children who participated in the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS) were reassessed 3 years (mean age 7.4 years) and 179 (59.1%) were reassessed 6 years (mean age 10.4 years) after completion of the controlled study. Pharmacotherapy and clinical data were obtained from the parents. Pharmacotherapy was defined as use of a specific class of medication for at least 50% of the days in the previous 6 months. Results At year 3, a total of 34.0% of the participants were on no pharmacotherapy, 41.3% were on stimulant monotherapy, 9.2% were on atomoxetine alone or with a stimulant, 8.3% were on an antipsychotic usually together with a stimulant, and the remaining 7.2% were on other pharmacotherapy; overall, 65.0% were on an indicated ADHD medication. At year 6, a total of 26.8% of the participants were on no pharmacotherapy, 40.2% were on stimulant monotherapy, 4.5% were on atomoxetine alone or with a stimulant, 13.4% were on an antipsychotic, and 15.1% were on other pharmacotherapy; overall, 70.9% were on an indicated ADHD medication. Antipsychotic treatment was associated with more comorbidity, in particular disruptive behavior disorders and pervasive development disorders, and a lower level of functioning. Conclusion In this study, the long-term pharmacotherapy of preschoolers with ADHD was heterogeneous. Although stimulant medication continued to be used by most children, about 1 child in 4 was off medication, and about 1 in 10 was on an antipsychotic.
KW - Key Words ADHD
KW - medication
KW - preschoolers
KW - stimulant
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84931567691
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84931567691#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.004
DO - 10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 26088659
AN - SCOPUS:84931567691
SN - 0890-8567
VL - 54
SP - 550
EP - 556
JO - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
JF - Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
IS - 7
M1 - 1204
ER -