TY - JOUR
T1 - Pediatric glioblastoma
T2 - mechanisms of immune evasion and potential therapeutic opportunities
AU - Njonkou, Rosy
AU - Jackson, Christopher M.
AU - Woodworth, Graeme F.
AU - Hersh, David S.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Pediatric glioblastoma is relatively rare compared with its adult counterpart but is associated with a similarly grim prognosis. Available data indicate that pediatric glioblastomas are molecularly distinct from adult tumors, and relatively little is known about the pediatric glioblastoma tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a new pillar of cancer treatment and is revolutionizing the care of patients with many advanced solid tumors, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, attempts to treat adult glioblastoma with current immunotherapies have had limited success to date. Nevertheless, the immune milieu in pediatric glioblastoma is distinct from that found in adult tumors, and evidence suggests that pediatric tumors are less immunosuppressive. As a result, immunotherapies should be specifically evaluated in the pediatric context. The purpose of this review is to explore known and emerging mechanisms of immune evasion in pediatric glioblastoma and highlight potential opportunities for implementing immunotherapy in the treatment of these devastating pediatric brain tumors.
AB - Pediatric glioblastoma is relatively rare compared with its adult counterpart but is associated with a similarly grim prognosis. Available data indicate that pediatric glioblastomas are molecularly distinct from adult tumors, and relatively little is known about the pediatric glioblastoma tumor microenvironment (TME). Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a new pillar of cancer treatment and is revolutionizing the care of patients with many advanced solid tumors, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, attempts to treat adult glioblastoma with current immunotherapies have had limited success to date. Nevertheless, the immune milieu in pediatric glioblastoma is distinct from that found in adult tumors, and evidence suggests that pediatric tumors are less immunosuppressive. As a result, immunotherapies should be specifically evaluated in the pediatric context. The purpose of this review is to explore known and emerging mechanisms of immune evasion in pediatric glioblastoma and highlight potential opportunities for implementing immunotherapy in the treatment of these devastating pediatric brain tumors.
KW - Cancer immunotherapy
KW - Immune evasion
KW - Immune suppression
KW - Immune system
KW - Pediatric glioblastoma
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122828448&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85122828448&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00262-021-03131-y
DO - 10.1007/s00262-021-03131-y
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35020009
AN - SCOPUS:85122828448
SN - 0340-7004
VL - 71
SP - 1813
EP - 1822
JO - Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
JF - Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
IS - 8
ER -